आयु

ayu jivanakal ko kahate haian, yadyapi vay, avastha ya umr ko bhi bahudha ayu hi kah diya jata hai. jivit manav, pashu, pakshiyoan, kit, patangoan, sukshm jiviyoan, vanash‍patiyoan aur rnijiv padarthoan ke janh‍m athava paida hone ke samay se lekar us padarth ki mrityu athava samaph‍t hone tak ke samay ko ayu se samh‍bodhit karate hai.

vibhinn praniyoan ki ayuoan mean b di bhinnata hai. ek prakar ki makkhi ki ayu kuchh ghantoan ki hi hoti hai. udhar kachhue ki ayu do sau varshoan tak ki hoti hai. ayu ki sima mote hisab se sharir ki taul ke anupat mean hoti hai, yadyapi kee apavad bhi hai. kuchh pakshi kee stanadhariyoan se adhik jivit rahate hai. kuchh machhaliyaan 150 se 200 varshoan tak jivit rahati haian, kiantu gho da 30 varsh mean mar jata hai. vrikshoan ki rachana bhinn hone se unaki ayu ki koee maryada nahian hai. amarika mean kuchh vrikshoan ko girane ke bad unake varshik valayoan se pata laga ki ve 2000 varshoan se bhi kuchh adhik varsh ke the.

mrityu par, arthath jivan ke aant par, amiba tatha any protozoa ne vijay prapt kar li. ek se do mean vibhakt hokar prajanit hone se inhoanne ayu ki sima ko laangh liya hai. inaki abadh jivanadhara ke karan inhean amar bhi kaha jata hai. parantu unnat varg ke praniyoan mean jivan ka aant talana asanbhav hai; isalie un sabhi ki ayu sima baddh hai. yah dekhakar ki kisi prani ko praudh hone mean kitane varsh lagate haian, usaki poori ayu ka anuman lagaya ja sakata hai. manushy ka jivanakal 100 varsh aanka gaya hai.

vaijnanik drishtikon

pichhale kee varshoan mean kee karanoan se manushy ka mahattam kal to adhik nahian badh paya hai, kiantu ausat ayu badh gee hai. yah vriddhi isalie huee ki bachchoan ko mrityu se bachane mean ayurvijnan (medikal sayans) ne b di unnati ki hai. budhape ke rogoan mean, visheshakar dhamaniyoan ke k di ho jane ki chikitsa mean, vishesh saphalata nahian mili hai. anuvanshikata aur paryavaran ka ayu par bahut prabhav p data hai. khojoan se pata chala hai ki yadi prasav ke samay ki mrityuoan ki ganana n ki jay to purushoan ki apeksha striyaan adhik samay tak jivit rahati haian. yah bhi nirvavad hai ki dirghajivi mata pita ki santan sadharanat: dirghajivi hoti haian. svasth vatavaran mean prani dirghajivi hota hai. jiv ki janmajat balashali jivan shakti bahar ke dooshit vatavaran ke prabhav se prani ki bahut kuchh raksha karati hai, parantu adhik dooshit vatavaran rogoan ke madhyam se ayu par prabhav dalata hai. isake atirikt dekha gaya hai ki chianta, anuchit ahar tatha asvasthyakari paryavaran ayu ghatate haian. doosari or, pratidin ki manasik ya sharirik karyashilata budhape ke vikrit roop ko door rakhati hai. aangoan ke jirn shirn ho jane ki ashanka ki apeksha akaryata se bekar hone ki sanbhavana adhik rahati hai. vishv ke anek lekhak aur chitrakar dirghajivi hue haian aur aant tak ve ne granth aur ne chitr ki rachana karate rahe haian. aniyamit ahar, ati surapan aur ati bhojan ayu ko ghatate haian. sau varsh se adhik kal tak jine vale vyaktiyoan mean se adhikaansh laghu ahar karane vale rahe haian. adhik bhojan karane se bahudha madhumeh (dayabitiz) ya dhamani, hriday ya vrikk (gurade) ka rog ho jata hai. budhapa svasth aur sukhad ho sakata hai athava rogagrast, pi damay aur du:khad svasth budhape mean kriya shilata kam ho jati hai aur kuchh durbalata a jati hai, parantu man shaant rahata hai. manasik drishtikon sadharanat: vyakti ke poorvagami drishtikon par nirbhar rahata hai, jisase kuchh vyakti sukhi aur dayalu rahate haian, kuchh nirashavadi aur chhidranveshi. shtainakh aur voron aauf ne bandar ki granthiyoan ko manushy mean aropit karake alpakalin yuvavastha kuchh logoan mean la di thi, parantu unaki ritiyoan ko ab koee poochhata bhi nahian. unaki shalyakriya mean manushy ka jivan badh nahian saka.

kuchh rogoan se manushy samay ke bahut pahale buddha lagane lagata hai. projiriya namak rog mean to bachche bhi buddhoan ki akriti ke ho jate haian, parantu saubhagyavash yah rog bahut kam hota hai. kuchh rog visheshakar buddhoan mean hote haian. inamean se pradhan rog haian madhumeh (dayabitiz), karkat (kaiansar) aur hriday, dhamani tatha vrikk ke rog. bachapan aur yuvavastha ke rogoan mean se nyoomoniya bahudha boodhoan ko bhi ho jata hai aur sadharanat: unaka pran hi le leta hai.

bheshaj vaidhik (medika-ligal) karyoan mean yatharth vay ka aganan b de mahattv ki bat hai. vayanirdharan mean daant, bal, mastishk tatha asthi ki pariksha ki jati hai aur eks-kiranoan adi ki sahayata bhi li jati hai. parantu 25 varsh ke oopar vay ki nishchit ganana thik se nahian ho sakati.

kanoon ayu

ayu ke samay ki avadhi ki or sanket milata hai. sharir-vijnan-vetta manushy ke vikas ki avastha ke arth mean 'ayu' shabd ka prayog karate haian; jaise shaishav paanch varsh ki ayu tak, bachapan 14 varsh tak, tarunavastha 21 varsh tak, vayask 50 varsh tak aur isake bad vriddhavastha. vikas ki avastha ke lie prayukt ayu ka tatpary sharirik ayu se hota hai.

kanoon sambandhi vividh karyoan ke lie vibhinn ayu sarakar ki or se nishchit ki jati haian, jaise matadan ke lie kahian 18 varsh aur kahian 21 varsh ki ayu nirdharit hai. kuchh padoan ke lie bhi ayu ki ek sima bana di jati hai. kuchh sansthaean apani sadasyata ke lie ayu ki kisi nishchit sima par adhik bal deti hai.

manasik ayu

20vian shatabdi ke praranbh mean 'manasik ayu' (meantal ej) ka prayog kiya gaya hai. yadyapi is shabdavali ki or sanh‌ 1887 ee. mean bhi sanket kiya gaya tha, tathapi isaka shrey phraans ke manovaijnanik alphrade bine (1857-1911) ko diya jata hai. manasik ayu ka tatpary kuchh saman ayu vale balakoan ki ausat manasik yogyata se hai. isase balak ki sadharan manasik yogyata ka anuman milata hai. manasik ayu badhati hai aur paripakv hoti hai. samanyat: isaki paripakvata ka samay 14 se 22 varsh ki ayu ke bhitar kabhi bhi a sakata hai. kuchh logoan mean isaki paripakvata 22 varsh ke bad bhi a sakati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh