अवध की बेगमें
avadh ki begam, ye navab asafuddaula ki maan thi, jo navab ki dadi ke sath hi rahati thi.
hestiangs ki maang
1775 ee. mean avadh ki gaddi par baithane ke bad asafuddaula ne eest iandiya kampani ke sath faijabad ki sandhi ki, jisake aantargat usane avadh mean british sena rakhane ke lie ek b di dhanarashi dena svikar kiya. avadh ka prashasan bhrasht aur kamazor tha, at: niyat dhanarashi n de sakane ke karan navab par kampani ka baqaya chadh gaya. 1781 ee. tak maisoor, marathoan tatha chetasianh se huee l daiyoan ke karan kampani ko rupaye ki b di avashyakata thi. gavarnar-janaral varen hestiangs ne avadh ke navab se baqay ki raqam ko chukata kar dene ke lie zor dala, lekin navab ne bhugatan karane mean apani asamarthata vyakt karate hua ki, maian bhugatan us samay kar sakata hooan, jab mujhe us b di zagir tatha daulat par adhikar ka dava diya jae, jo meri maan aur dadi ne hathiya li hai.
avadh ki begamean asafuddaula ko 250,000 pauand ki dhanarashi pahale de chuki thi, 1775 ee. mean britash rejident midiltan ke samajhane par 300,000 pauand unhoanne pun: diya. isase kampani ka pavana ada kar diya gaya. kalakatta sthit kauansil ne begamoan ko ashvasan diya tha ki bhavishy mean unase maang nahian ki jaegi. varen hestiangs ne is prakar ka vachan dene ka virodh kiya tha, kintu kauansil ke andar matadan mean vah parajit ho gaya tha. isake bad hi 1780 ee. mean chetasianh kaand hua.
hestiangs avadh ki begamoan se naraz tha, kyoanki 1775 ee. mean unhoanne kauansil mean usake virodhiyoan ka samarthan prapt kiya tha. at: 1781 ee. mean navab avadh ne jab baqaya bhugatan karane mean us samay tak apani asamarthata vyakt ki, jab tak use apani maan aur dadi ki daulat n di jae to hestiangs ne tatkal usake anurodh ko svikar kar british rejident midiltan ko adesh diya ki vah begamoan par baqaye ki dhanarashi ka bhugatan karane ke lie zor dale. chooanki rejident midiltan ne zor-zabarardasti karane mean samuchit tatparata nahian dikhaee, at: usake sthan par bristoan ko niyukt kar diya gaya, jisane begamoan ke uchch padasth karmachariyoan ko qaid mean dalava diya, unako be diyaan dalava dian. unaka bhojan bhi band karava diya tha aur kadachit unakoan ko de bhi lagavaye. unhean itani kathor yatanaean di geean ki unaki durdasha dekhakar svayan navab bhi vichalit hone laga, kintu hestiangs tas se mas nahian hua aur koee samajhauta varta chalane athava daya prakat karane ki manahi kar di. akhir mean begamoan ko badhy hokar dhan dena p da, jisake sambandh mean kalakatta sthit kauansil ne 1775 ee. mean unhean garanti di thi ki ab unase dhan ki koee maang nahian ki jaegi. sara mamala nisandeh ghinavana, kshudratapoorn aur rajy ki avashyakataoan ko dekhate hue bhi anuchit tha. hestiangs ki bad mean di gee yah dalil b di lachar thi, ki chetasianh se saanthagaanth ke karan begamoan ne british sanrakshan prapt karane ka adhikar kho diya tha, tatha kalakatta ki kauansil dvara di gee garanti samapt ho gee thi. varen hestiangs ne begamoan ke khilaf dveshavash karyavahi ki thi aur yah vismayakari hai ki lard sabha ne use begamoan par atyachar karane ke arop se doshamukt kar diya. usane ni:sandeh un par atyachar kiya tha, yadyapi is prakar zor-zabardasti se prapt ki gee dhanarashi ka upayog kampani ki hi seva mean kiya gaya tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
(pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh') prishth sankhya-292