अवध की बेगमें

avadh ki begamean, ye navab asafuddaula ki maan aur dadi thian.

hestiangs ki maang

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1775 ee. mean avadh ki gaddi par baithane ke bad asafuddaula ne eest iandiya kampani ke sath phaijabad ki sandhi ki, jisake aantargat usane avadh mean british sena rakhane ke lie ek b di dhanarashi dena svikar kiya. avadh ka prashasan bhrasht aur kamazor tha, at: niyat dhanarashi n de sakane ke karan navab par kampani ka baqaya chadh gaya. 1781 ee. tak maisoor, marathoan tatha chetasianh se huee l daiyoan ke karan kampani ko rupaye ki b di avashyakata thi. gavarnar-janaral varen hestiangs ne avadh ke navab se baqay ki raqam ko chukata kar dene ke lie zor dala, lekin navab ne bhugatan karane mean apani asamarthata vyakt karate hua ki, maian bhugatan us samay kar sakata hooan, jab mujhe us b di jagir tatha daulat par adhikar ka dava diya jae, jo meri maan aur dadi ne hathiya li hai. avadh ki begamean asafuddaula ko 250,000 pauand ki dhanarashi pahale de chuki thi. 1775 ee. mean britash rejident midiltan ke samajhane par 300,000 pauand unhoanne pun: diya. isase kampani ka pavana (prapt karane vali vastu ya dhan) ada kar diya gaya. kalakatta sthit kauansil ne begamoan ko ashvasan diya tha ki bhavishy mean unase maang nahian ki jaegi. varen hestiangs ne is prakar ka vachan dene ka virodh kiya tha, kintu kauansil ke andar matadan mean vah parajit ho gaya tha. isake bad hi 1780 ee. mean chetasianh kaand hua.

asafuddaula ki asamarthata

hestiangs avadh ki begamoan se naraz tha, kyoanki 1775 ee. mean unhoanne kauansil mean usake virodhiyoan ka samarthan prapt kiya tha. at: 1781 ee. mean avadh ke navab ne jab baqaya bhugatan karane mean us samay tak apani asamarthata vyakt ki, jab tak use apani maan aur dadi ki daulat n di jae, to hestiangs ne tatkal usake anurodh ko svikar kar british rejident midiltan ko adesh diya, ki vah begamoan par baqaye ki dhanarashi ka bhugatan karane ke lie zor dale.

bristoan ki yatanaean

chooanki rejident midiltan ne zor-zabarardasti karane mean samuchit tatparata nahian dikhaee, at: usake sthan par bristoan ko niyukt kar diya gaya, jisane begamoan ke uchch padasth karmachariyoan ko qaid mean dalava diya, unako be diyaan dalava dian. unaka bhojan bhi band karava diya tha aur kadachit unako ko de bhi lagavaye. unhean itani kathor yatanaean di geean ki unaki durdasha dekhakar svayan navab bhi vichalit hone laga, kintu hestiangs tas se mas nahian hua aur koee samajhauta varta chalane athava daya prakat karane ki manahi kar di. akhir mean begamoan ko badhy hokar dhan dena p da, jisake sambandh mean kalakatta sthit kauansil ne 1775 ee. mean unhean garanti di thi ki ab unase dhan ki koee maang nahian ki jaegi. sara mamala nisandeh ghinavana, kshudratapoorn aur rajy ki avashyakataoan ko dekhate hue bhi anuchit tha.

hestiangs ki dalil

hestiangs ki bad mean di gee yah dalil b di lachar thi, ki chetasianh se saanthagaanth ke karan begamoan ne british sanrakshan prapt karane ka adhikar kho diya tha, tatha kalakatta ki kauansil dvara di gee garanti samapt ho gee thi. varen hestiangs ne begamoan ke khilaf dveshavash karravaee ki thi aur yah vismayakari hai ki l aaurd sabha ne use begamoan par atyachar karane ke arop se doshamukt kar diya. usane ni:sandeh un par atyachar kiya tha, yadyapi is prakar zor-zabardasti se prapt ki gee dhanarashi ka upayog kampani ki hi seva mean kiya gaya tha.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

(pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh') prishth sankhya-292