भूमि प्रदूषण
- bhoomi pradooshan ya bhoo-pradooshan
bhoomi ke bhautik, rasayanik ya jaivik gunoan mean koee aisa avaanchhaniy parivartan jisaka prabhav manav tatha any jivoan par p de ya jisase bhoomi ki gunavatt tatha upayogit nasht ho, 'bhoomi pradooshan' kahalata hai.
bhoomi pradooshan ke srot
bhoomi pradooshan ke karako mean audyogik apashisht, krishiy apashisht, ghareloo apashisht evan nagar palika apashisht adi shamil haian.
audyogik apashisht
audyogik apashisht kisi n kisi roop mean bhoomi pradooshan ka karan banate haian. in apashishtoan mean kuchh jaiv apaghatanashil, kuchh jvalanashil, kuchh durgandh yukt, kuchh vishaile aur kuchh nishkriy hote haian. audyogik apashishtoan ke nikshepan ki samasya kafi jatil hai.
krishiy apashisht
phasaloan ki kataee ke bad bache hue danthal, pattiyoan, ghas -phoos, bij adi ko krishiy apashisht kaha jata hai. jab ye krishi apashisht varsha ke jal ke sath s dane lagate haian to pradooshan ka karan banate haian. isake atirikt krishi kary mean prayukt kitanashi, shakanashi evan kavakanashi bhi bhoomi pradooshan ke pramukh srot haian.
ghareloo apashisht
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isake antargat gharoan ke koo da-karakat ke antargat jha dan-buharan se nikali dhool, raddi, kaanch ki shishiyaan, palithin ki thailiyaan, plastik ke dibbe, adhajali lak di, choolhe ki rakh, bujhe hue, aangare adi shamil haian. rasoeedharo ke apashishtoan mean sabjiyoan evan daloan ke chhilake adi shamil haian. ghareloo apashishtoan me palithin ajakal bhoomi pradooshan ka mukhy karan ban gee hai. isaka vaijnanik nam p aauli ethilin hai jo chhote-chhote anuo k diyoan se bani vishal sanrachana hai. in anuo ke bandhan itane jatil haian ki ye b di mushkil se tootate haian. is karan palithin mitti ke niche dabane ke bad bhi varshoan tak vighatit nahian hoti hai. palithin baigoan ko janavaroan dvara kha lie jane ke karan yah unaki aantoan mean phas jata hai tatha unaki mrityu ka karan banata hai. palithin ko jalakar nasht kiya jana bhi manav svasthy ke lie behad hanikarak hai, kyoanki jalane par isase jaharili gais nikalati hai.
nagarapalika apashisht
isake antargat sabji bazar ki s di-gali sabjiyaan, s de-gale phal tatha any prakar ka koo da kachara, gharoan se nikala hua koo d karakat evan mal, aspataloan se nikala hua apashisht, machhali bazar, murgi palan keandr tatha suar palan keandroan se nikala apashisht, bag-bagichoan ka kachara, audyogik ikaiyo dvara chho da gaya apashisht, s dakoan, naliyaan, gataro adi se nikala hua koo da-karakat, pashushalaoan se nikala hua chara, gobar evan lid adi shamil haian.
any karan
bhoomi pradooshan ke kuchh any karan bhi haian yatha bhoo ksharan, bhoo utkhanan evan rediyo ektiv apashisht adi.
bhoomi pradooshan ka prabhav
mitti ki utpadan kshamata par prabhav
bhoomi pradooshan se mrida ke bhautik evan rasayanik gun prabhavit hote haian. samanyatah thos apashisht mitti ke niche dab jate hai. isase ek or taanba, jiank, led adi anavinikaraniy dhatuoan ki hani hoti hai, to doosari or mrida ki utpadan kshamata bhi prabhavit hoti hai. kahian-kahian log mal jal se khetoan ki sianchaee karate hai. isase mrida mean upasthit chhidroan ki sankhya dinoan-din ghatati jati hai. bad mean ek sthiti aisi ati hai ki bhoomi ki prakritik mal jal upachar kshamata poori tarah nasht ho jati hai. jab bhoomi aisi sthiti mean pahuanch jati hai to use rogi bhoomi kaha jata hai.
jal srotoan par prabhav
jab mrida mean pradooshit padarth ki matra badh jati hai to ve jal srotoan mean pahuanchakar unamean lavanoan tatha any hanikarak tatvoan ki sandrata badha dete haian, parinam svaroop aise jal sroto ka jal pine yogy nahian rahata.
manav svasthy par prabhav
thumb|250px|bhoomi pradooshan mitti mean koo da-karakat evan gandagi ki adhikata ho jane se unamean ki de-mako do ke panapane ki sthitiyaan utpann ho jati haian. parinam svaroop machchhar, makkhi, ki de-mako doan, choohoan, bichchhuoan tatha sarpoan ka utpadan badhata hai, jo peanchis, haija, aantrashodh, taiphaid, yakrit rog, piliya adi ke karan banate haian.
bhoomi pradooshan rokane ke upay
bhoomi pradooshan rokane ke lie nimn upay kie ja sakate haian-
- koo de-karakat ke sangrahan, nishkasan evan nistaran ki vyavastha chust-durust ki jae.
- apashisht padarthoan ka nikshepan samuchit dhang se kiya jae tatha kal-karakhanoan se nikalane vale sivej slaj ko bhoomi par pahuanchane se poorv upacharit kar lena chahie.
- nagar palika aur nagar nikayoan dvara apashisht nikshepan ko prathamikata di jae.
- s dakoan par koo da-kachara pheankana aparadh ghoanshit kiya jae.
- rasayanik urvarako ka upayog avashyakata se adhik n kiya jae.
- kitanashi, kavakanashi evan shakanashi adi ka upayog kam se kam kiya jae.
- am janata ko bhoomi pradooshan ko dushprabhavo ki janakari di jae.
- janasamany ko is bat ke lie prerit kiya jae ghar ka koo da-kachara nirdharit patroan mean hi dale tatha gramin jan use khad ke gadhdhe me pheanke.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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