अलनीनो
alanino athava al–nino jalavayu tantr ki ek aisi b di ghatana hai jo mool roop se bhoomadhy rekha ke asapas prashaant kshetr mean ghatati hai kiantu prithvi ke sabhi jalavayaviy chakr isase prabhavit hai. isaka rachana sansar lagabhag 120 digri poorvi deshaantar ke asapas indoneshiyaee dvip kshetr se lekar 80 digri pashchimi deshaantar yani meksiko aur dakshin ameriki peroo tat tak, sanpoorn ushn kshetriy prashaant mahasagar mean phaila hai.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
paribhasha
alanino, ek aisi mausami dasha hai jisamean bhoomadhy rekha par prashaant mahasagar ki satah ka tapaman ausat se adhik ho jata hai. lihaja asamany vashpikaran aur sanghanit hokar bane badal dakshin amerika mean bhari varsha karate haian, lekin prashaant mahasagar ka doosara ushn katibandhiy chhor is sthiti se achhoota rahata hai. natijan kam barish aur sookhe ki sthiti ban jati hai. mana jata hai ki yahi sthiti dakshin pashchimi manasoon ko bhi prabhavit karati hai.
utpatti ka karan
al nino ki utpatti ke karan ka abhi tak kuchh pata nahian. al–nino ghatit hone ke sanbandh mean bhi kee siddhaant maujood hai lekin koee bhi siddhaant ya ganitiy m aaudal al–nino ke agaman ki sahi bhavishyavani nahian kar pata. aandhi ya varsha jaisi ghatanaean chooanki aksar ghatati hai isalie isake bare mean paryapt janakari upalabdh hai aur isake agaman ki bhavishyavani bhi lagabhag poornata ke sath kar li jati hai kiantu char–paanch varshoan mean ekabar ane vali al–nino ke bare mean mausam vijnani itana nahian janate ki paryapt samay rahate isake agaman ka anuman laga liya jae. ek bar isake ghatit hone ka lakshan maloom p d jae to agale 6–8 mahinoan mean isaki sthiti ko aanka ja sakata hai. la–nina yani samudr tal ki thandi tapiy sthiti amataur par al–nino ke bad ati hai kiantu yah zaroori nahian ki donoan bari–bari se ae hi. ek sath kee al–nino bhi a sakate haian. al–nino ke poorvanuman ke lie jitane prachalit siddhaant haian unamean ek yah manata hai ki vishuvatiy samudr mean sanchit ushma ek nishchit avadhi ke bad al–nino ke roop mean bahar ati hai. isalie samudri tap mean huee abhivriddhi ko mapakar alanino ke agaman ki bhavishyavani ki ja sakati hai. yah dava pahale galat ho chuka hai.
ek doosari manyata ke anusar, mausam vaijnanik yah manate haian ki al–nino ek aniyamit roop se ghatit hone vali ghatana hai aur isaka poorvanuman nahian kiya ja sakata. jo bhi ho, al–nino agaman ki bhavishyavani kisan, machhuare, sarakar aur vaijnanik sabhi ke lie chianta ka karan hota hai. ushn ya uposhn katibandh mean p dane vale kee desh jaise– peroo, brazil, bharat, ithiyopiya, aaustreliya adi mean krishi yojana ke lie yahaan ki sarakarean al–nino ki bhavishyavaniyoan ka istemal karane lagi haian. sarakari tatha gair–sarakari bima kanpaniyaan bhi al nino ke chalate hone vali hani ke akalan hetu kharch ke lie taiyar rahati haian. punaravriti ki avadhi ke hisab se sochean, to 1997–98 mean ae al–nino ke bad isake ane ki agali sanbhavana qarib jan p dati hai.[1]
alanino tatha alanina
samudri jalasatah ke tap–vitaran mean aantar tatha sagar tal ke oopar se bahane vali havaoan ke bich aanrtakriya ka parinam hi alanino tatha alanina hai. prithvi ke bhoomadhyakshetr mean soory ki garmi chooanki saloan bhar p dati hai isalie is bhag mean havaean garm hokar oopar ki or uthati hai. isase utpann khali sthan ko bharane ke lie uposhn kshetr se thandi havaean age ati hai kiantu ‘korielis prabhav’ ke chalate dakshini golardh ki havaean baanyi or aur uttari golardh ki havaean daanyi or mu d jati hai. prashaant mahasagar ke poorvi tatha pashchimi bhag ke jal–satah par tapaman mean aantar hone se uposhn bhag se ane vali havaean, poorv se pashchim ki or viral vayudab kshetr ki or badhati hai. satat roop se bahane vali in havaoan ko ‘vyaparik pavan’ kaha jata hai. vyaparik pavanoan ke dabav ke chalate hi peroo tat ki tulana mean indoneshiyaee kshetr mean samudr tal 0.5 mitar tak ooancha uth jata hai. samudr ke vibhinn hissoan mean jal–satah ke tapaman mean aantar ke chalate samudr tal par se bahane vali havaoan prabhavit hoti hai kiantu samudr tal par se bahane vali vyaparik pavanean bhi sagar tal ke tap vitaran ko badalati rahati hai. in donoan ke bich “pahale murgi ya pahale aanda” vali kahavat charitarth hai.[1]
alanino ka prabhav
alanino ek vaishvik prabhav vali ghatana hai aur isaka prabhav kshetr atyant vyapak hai. sthaniy taur par prashaant kshetr mean matasy utpadan se lekar duniya bhar ke adhikaansh madhy akshaanshiy hissoan mean badh, sookha, vanagni, toophan ya varsha adi ke roop mean isaka asar samane ata hai. al–nino ke prabhav ke roop mean likhit taur par 1525 eesvi mean uttari peroo ke maroosthaliy kshetr mean huee varsha ka pahali bar ullekh milata hai. uttar ki or bahane vali thandi peroo jaladhara, peroo ke samudr tatiy hissoan mean kam varsha ki sthiti paida karati hai lekin gahan samudri jivan ko badhava deti hai. pichhale kuchh saloan mean al–nino ke sakriy hone par ulati sthiti darj ki gayi hai. peroo jaladhara ke dakshin ki or khisakane se tatiy kshetr mean aandhi aur badh ke phalasvaroop mridaksharan ki prakriya mean teziati hai. samany avastha mean dakshin ameriki tat ki or se bahane vali phasphet aur naitret jaise poshak tatvoan se bharapoor peroo jaladhara dakshin ki or bahane vali chhichhali garm jaladhara se milane par samudri shaival ke vikasit hone ki anukool sthiti paida karati hai jo samudri machhaliyoan ka sahaj bhojan hai. al–nino ke ane par, poorvi prashaant samudr mean garm jal ki moti parat ek divar ki tarah kam karati hai aur plaankatan ya shaival ki sahi matra vikasit nahian ho pati. parinamasvaroop machhaliyaan bhojan ki khoj mean anyatr chali jati hai aur machhaliyoan ke utpadan par asar p data hai.
bharatiy manasoon par prabhav
bharatiy manasoon bhi isake prabhav se achhoota nahian rahata. alanino ki sthiti ka ek any mahatvapoorn prabhav poorvi prashaant ke hisse mean samudri jivan par p data hai. vyaparik pavanoan ka kamazor bahav, pashchim ki or ke samudr mean thande aur garm jal ke bich, tap vibhajan rekha ki gaharaee ko badha deta hai. lagabhag 150 mitar gaharaee vali pashchimi prashaant ka garm jal, poorab ki or thande jal ke chhichhale parat ko oopar ki dhakelata hai. poshak tatvoan se bharapoor is jal mean samudri shaival tatha plaankatan aur in par ashrit machhaliyaan khoob vikas karati hai. alanino ki sthiti hone par poorab ki or ki tap vibhajan rekha niche dab jati haian aur thande jal ki gaharaee badhane se samudri shaival adi nahian panapate.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 sagar ki santanean al–nino evan la–nina (hindi) iandiya vatar portal. abhigaman tithi: 14 aprॅl, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
- alanino, m aaunasoon aur arthavyavastha
- bharat par alanino ka khatara, manasoon par dohari mar p dane ki ashanka
sanbandhit lekh