बालू
thumb|250px|baloo baloo chattanoan aur any dhatvik padarth vividh ke prakritik aur aprakritik sadhanoan se toot phootakar bajari, baloo, gad ya chikani mitti ka roop le leti hai. yadi tuk de b de hue to bajari aur yadi chhote hue to kanoan, ke vistar ke hisab se unhean kramash: baloo, gad ya chikani mitti kahate haian. amarika mean 0.06 se 2 mimi. tak ke aur yoorop mean 0.02 se 2 mimi. tak ke kan baloo kahalate haian. bharatiy manakoan ke anusar bharatiy manak chhanani san. 480 (0.2 ianch) se gujar janevale kan baloo mean ho sakate haian. is sima ke aandar chhote b de sabhi prakar ke kan usamean hone chahie. ianjiniyari mean aisi baloo mahattvapoorn hai. chhote b de kanoan ka anuman sookshmata mapaank dvara lagaya jata hai. baloo ki ek nishchit tol bharatiy manak chhanani san. 480, 270, 120, 60, 30 aur 15 (arthath british manak chhanani 0.2 ianch, aur san. 7, 14, 25, 52 100) mean se chhani jati hai. pratyek chhanani se n nikal sakanevala aansh jo d liya jata hai, jo sookshmata mapaank kahalata hai. mahin baloo ka sookshmata mapaank 1.0 se 2.5 ke bich hona chahie. isase adhik ho to vah mota baloo kahalata hai.
baloo mean milanevale padarth
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yadyapi prithvi ki pap di mean pae janevale sabhi prakar ke padarth, jinamean chattanean bana karati haian, baloo mean pae jate haian, kiantu pray: unamean se tho de padarthoan ki hi bahulata baloo mean rahati hai. atyant vyapak roop se milanevala padarth sphatiq hai, kyoanki yah chattanoan mean bahut hota hai aur atyant kathor evan vidaranarahit hota hai, jisase isake kan saralata se pisakar bahut barik nahian ho pate. isake atirikt yah pani mean ghulata nahian, n vighatit hi hota hai. kahian kahian baloo mean any anek padarthoan ke sath phelspar, choonedar padarth, khanij lauh aur jvalamukhi kach adi bhi bahutayat se pae jate haian. adhikaansh sphatik-baloo mean tho da bahut phelspar to hota hi hai. shvet abhrak ke chhote chhote tuk de bhi pray: baloo mean milate haian kyoanki yah naram tatha bhangur hote hue bhi bahut dhire dhire vighatit hota hai.
in samany padarthoan ke atirikt kuchh bhari padarth bhi, jinase chattanean bana karati haian, jaise tam da, tooramailin, jarkan, rootail, pukharaj, pair aauksin aur aianphibol adi tho di bahut matra mean sabhi prakar ki baloo mean rahate haian. kahian kahian samudratat par, ya nadiyoan mean, dhara pravah ke karan halake padarth bah jate haian aur ye bhari padarth adhik matra mean ekatr ho jate haian. ye arthik drishti se mahattvapoorn nikshep kahalate haian. inhian mean niyariye tatha hire ya any maniyaan sona, plaitinam, raanga, maunajait ya any khanij jinake milane ki sanbhavana hoti hai, khoja karate haian.
mridbhaand
kaanch aur siliket udyog mean silika ke roop mean atyant shuddh sphatik-baloo ki b di matra mean avashyakata hoti hai. vividh prakar ki bhatthiyoan mean astar karane ke lie bhi aisa hi baloo lagata hai. dhalaee ke karakhane mean jis mitti se saanche banaye jate haian, unamean bhi yahi baloo mila rahata hai aur isake kan chikani mitti dvara paraspar bandhe rahate haian.
sphatik kan kathor aur vivaran rahit hote haian. at: sphatikabaloo apagharshak banane ke lie bhi bahut kam ata hai. tam da baloo bhi is kam ke lie atyant upayukt hai, yadyapi yah bahut adhik nahian paya jata.
baloo ka upayog
sadharan baloo ke aur bhi anek upayog haian, jinamean mukhyataya chinaeean ka masala aur kankrit ke upadan ke roop mean isaka upayog ullekhaniy hai. choona ya simeant baloo ke kanoan ko paraspar jo dakar, ek kathor sanhati bana dete haian, jisapar masala ya kankrit ki samarthy bahut aanshoan tak nirbhar hoti hai. nirman samagri ke roop mean baloo ka aur bhi upayog hai, jaise pharshoan ya nivoan ke niche bichhana, chhat par choona kankrit ke niche alagav parat ke roop mean bichhana tatha s dakoan par chhana dena adi. eetean banane ke lie bhi mitti mean barik baloo hona chahie.
dharati ki pap di mean baloo ki paratean ek aur drishti se bhi mahattvapoorn hai. aantabhauanm jal inhian paratoan mean bhara rahata hai, jo kuean khodane par, ya nalakoop galane par, upalabdh hota hai aur hamari jal sanbharan samasya ka samadhan sanbhav banata hai. mitti ke sath mila hua baloo hi usaka jal shoshan kshamata ka adhar hai, kyoanki chikani mitti ki parat pani nahian dharan kar sakati. khetoan mean tho di hi gaharaee par chikani mitti hone se bhoomi oosar ho jati hai. kuchh pariman mean baloo mishrit mitti, jo dumat kahalati hai, kheti ke lie achchhi hoti hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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