निकिल

1. REDIRECTsaancha:Infobox element

nikil (aangrezi: Nickel) avart sarani ke ashtasamooh ka tattv hai. nikil ke paanch sthayi samasthanik jnat haian, jinaki dravyaman sankhyaean 58, 60, 61, 62 aur 64 haian. nikil tattv ke paanch asthayi samasthanik bhi banae ge haian, jinaki dravyaman sankhyaean 57, 58, 62, 65 aur 66 haian.

prapti

mishradhatu ke roop mean nikil ka upayog puratan kal se hota aya hai. nalanda ki dhatu moortiyoan mean nyoon matra mean nikil upasthit hai. chin mean nikil ki mishradhatuoan ka upayog shvet tamr banane mean hota tha. sarvapratham ashuddh nikil dhatu ka nirman kronsated ne 1750 ee. mean kiya tha.

prithvi ki satah par nikil samuchit matra mean vartaman hai aur isaka pariman tamr, yashad ya raange se adhik hai. parantu isake aise saandr ayask bahut kam hai, jinase dhatu nikali ja sake. nikil ka vishv mean sabase samriddh ayask kainada ke sadabari zile mean paya gaya hai. yah loha aur nikil ki mishrit salphaid hai. nyookailidoniya, soviyat sangh tatha kyooba mean bhi samuchit matra mean nikil ayask se dhatu nikali jati hai. bharat, chin, n aaurve, amerika ka alaska pradesh, venezuela, brazil, misr aur yoonan mean alp matra mean nikil ayask prapy haian.

nirman

nikil ka nirman ek jatil kriya hai. kainada mean sadari ayask ka sarvapratham sanplavan kriya dvara sandr kiya jata hai. isaka bharjan karane ke pashchath‌ bhatthi mean pragalan karane par ashuddh dhatu aur gandhak ka mishran milata hai. is mishran se besamar sanparivartak dvara 70 pratishat nikil ki mishradhatu prapt karate haian. yah ashuddh dhatu anek audyogik evan ghareloo upayogoan mean ati hai. vishuddh nikil vidyudvishleshan athava maand prakriya dvara prapt hota hai. vidyudvishleshan kriya mean ashuddh nikil dhanagr ke roop mean prayukt hota hai, jo nikil salphet ke vilayan mean dooba rahata hai. shuddh nikil rrinagr par jama ho jata hai. is kriya mean bache apadravyoan se anek bahumooly dhatuean (jaise chaandi, svarn, pletinam dhatuean) nikali jati haian. maand prakriya mean nikil dhatu par karban mon aauksaid ki prakriya se nikil karbonil [Ni(CO)₄] banate haian. isake vashp ko alag prakoshthoan mean le jakar 180 roo sean. tap par rakhane se usaka vighatan hokar vishuddh nikil prapt hota hai.

bhautik gun

• nikil halaka pila rang lie shvet rang ki dhatu hai.
• nikil ki paramanu sankhya 28, paramanu bhar 58.71, galanaank 1453° seantigred, kvathanaank 2730° seantigred, ghanattv 8.9 gra.gh. seanmi. hota hai.
• nikil ke galan ki gupt ooshma 74 kailari, paramanu vyas 2.49 aiangstr aaum, ayanikaran vibhav 7.63, vidyutpratirodh 6.84 (20° seantigred) maikroohm seanmi. hota hai.
• nikil ke kuchh gun lohe ke saman aur kuchh tamr ke saman haian.
• nikil amloan se mand gati mean abhikriya karata hai aur dvisanyoji yaugik banata hai. kshar dvara nikil aprabhavit rahata hai.

aauksaid

• nikil aauksaid (NiO) nikil ka sthayi aauksaid hai. yah aauksaid, salphaid, karboannet ya naitret ko garam karake banaya ja sakata hai. yah amloan mean viley hai.
• nikil lavanoan par kshar ki abhikriya se nikil haidr aauksaid, [Ni(OH)₂] banata hai.
• nikil aauksaid halake rang ke avakshep ke roop mean prakat hota hai. aimoniya ki kriya se yah [Ni(NH₃)₄]^{+ +} ayan banata hai jo jal mean ghul jata hai.

salphet ke yaugik

nikil par salphyoorik aml ki abhikriya dvara nikil salphet banaya jata hai. isake kristal (NiSO₄, 7H₂O) hare rang ke hote haian. ye 300° sean. tap par ajal nikil salphet (NiSO4) mean parivartit ho jate haian. nikil kloraid (NiCl₂, 6H₂O) aur itret [Ni(NO₃)₂, H₂O], donoan garam karane par jal ke anu mukt kar dete haian. salphet tatha naitret uchch tap par vighatit hokar nikil aauksaid banate haian.

kaliliy gun

nikil anek karbanik amloan se abhikriya karake lavan banata hai. uchch anu bhar ke amloan dvara bane nikil ke lavanoan mean kaliliy gun hote haian.

sankirn yaugik

nikil anek sankirn yaugik banata hai. isake karbanik athava akarbanik donoan prakar ke sankirn yaugik jnat haian, jinamean kuchh jaise nikil daimithal glaiaaukzaim, vaishleshik tatha bharatmak vishleshan mean upayukt hote haian.

vichitr padarth

nikil karboannil [Ni(CO)₄] ek vichitr padarth hai, jo samany tap par nikil par karban mon aauksaid pravahit karane se ban sakata hai. yah rangarahit drav hai, jisaka kvathanaank 43° seantigred hai. 60° seantigred par isaka vighatan praranbh ho jata hai. vah vishaila padarth hai aur isake vashp se bachav avashyak hai.

upayog

• mishradhatuoan ke nirman mean nikil ka bahut upayog hota hai. ispat udyog mean nikil ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai.
• nikil-ispat kathor hone ke karan motarakar, jalayan, vayuyan tatha rel ianjan banane ke udyogoan mean bahut kam ata hai.
• vibhinn avikari ispatoan mean 2 se lekar 25 pratishat tak nikil upasthit rahata hai.
• nikil mishradhatuoan ka upayog sikkoan mean pratirodhakoan mean aur any ghareloo vastuoan mean hota hai. jarmanasilvar nikil aur tamr dvara bani mishradhatu hai.
• choorn avastha mean nikil utprerak ka anek rasayanik kriyaoan mean saphal upayog hua hai.
• anek karbanik padarthoan ke haidrojanikaran udyogoan mean yah uttam utprerak siddh hua hai.
• nikil utprerak banane ki anek kriyaean haian, jinamean nikil ke yaugikoan jaise nikil haidr aauksaid, nikil naitret adi ka vishesh vidhiyoan dvara vighatan kiya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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