एसिटिक अम्ल

aisitik aml CH3 COOH phaloan ke ras, jantuoan ke malamootr, krotan tel, sugandhit teloan tatha paudhoan ke ras mean estar tatha lavan ke roop mean paya jata hai.

banane ki vidhiyaan –(1) ethil ailakohal ke aksikaran se, (2) methil sayanaid ke jalavishleshan se, (3) sodiyam mean thoksaid par 8 vayumandal dab tatha 220roo sean. tap par karban monoksaid ki kriya se, (4) tangstan ki upasthiti mean 300-400roo sean. tap par methil ailakohal ke vashp aur karban m aaunoksaid ke sanyojan se, (5) methil maignishiyam bromaid ke eethariy vilayan mean karban dai-aksaid pravahit karane par prapt padarth ke aml dvara jalavishleshan se, (6) mailonik aml ko garam karane se, (7) ethil aisitet ke jalavishleshan se, tatha (8) sodiyam methaid (CH3NA) par karban dai aksaid ki kriya se aisitik aml prapt hote haian.

b di matra mean ise (1) 40% garam salfyoorik aml mean, 1% markyoorik salfet ki upasthiti mean, aisitilin pravahit kar prapt aisi tailadihaid ke 70° par maiangainas aisitet dvara aksikaran se tatha (2) pairoligniyas aml ke vashp ko garam choone ke jal mean se pravahit karane par prapt kailsiyam aisitet ko 250° tak garam karane ke pashchath‌ saandr salfyoorik aml dvara vighatan se banate haian. ajal aml banane ke lie aml ko sodiyam karbonet se udasin kar tatha sodiyam aisitet ko pighalakar saandr salfyoorik aml ke sath asavan karate haian.

sirake (6-10% aisitik aml) ke roop mean, ise bharat mean ganne ke ras ke vayu mean kinvan se, ya, any deshoan mean vart ke maikodarma aisiti namak jivanu dvara aksikaran se, ya 6-10% jaliy ailakohal ke aisitobaiktar aisiti ya e. pastoorianam namak jivanu hjhrak aaumpatu.reann laib. karlsabarg, 1894 (3); 1900 (5) t dvara kinvan se banate haian. kinvikrit drav mean dab se vayu pravahit karane par faular tatha subrahmanyan (j.ianni kemi. so. 1923, 6,146) ke anusar aml ki prapti badhati haian.

bhautik gun –aisitik aml ek tivr gandhavala, rangahin, kshayakarak (galanaank 16.6° sean., kvathanaank 118.5° sean., apekshik ghanatv 20° par 1.04922) jal, ailakohal ya eethar mean mishry drav hai. yah vashp roop mean dvilak (qthhthraddhaddh) roop mean rahata hai. isamean gandhak, fasforas tatha ayodin viley haian. isake samany lavan jal mean viley haian, kiantu bhasmik lavan visheshakar aviley haian. yah dhatuoan tatha karbonet par kriya karata hai. aksikarak padartho ke prati yah sthir haian.

rasayanik gun –yah bhasmik aml hai aur kastik soda ke sath sodiyam aisitet (kkt3 kgrgrghrri 3kt2grh), led aksaid ke sath led aisitet tatha ziank ke sath ziank aisitet banata hai. yah ethil ailakohal ki kriya se ethil aisitet (kkt3 kgrgrkh2 kt5) fasaforas peantakloraid ki kriya se aisitil kloraid (kkt3 kgrgrkh2 kt5) fasafaras peant aauaksaid ki kriya se aisitik ainahaidraiu (kkt3 kgrh)2grh amoniya ki kriya se amoniyam aisitet tatha aisitaimaid (kkt3 kgrgkt2) aur klorin ki kriya se monokloro aisitik aml (kkt2 kthkgrgrkt), daikloroaisitik aml (kktakthh2 kgrgrkt) tatha traikloro aisitik aml (kkkshh3 kgrgrkt) banata hai. sodiyam ya potaisiyam aisitet ke vidyudvishleshan se ethen tatha sodalaim ke sath garam karane se methen, kailsiyam aisitet ke shushk asavan se aisiton (kkt3 grkkt3) tatha kailsiyam aisitet aur kailsiyam pharmet ke mishran ke shushk asavan se aisitailadihaid (kkt3 kktagrh) banate haian.

upayog –aisitik aml karbanik tatha akarbanik padartho ka vilayan karane ke lie, aksikaran vidhi mean, abhikarmak ke roop mean, achar tatha murabbe ke lie sirake ke roop mean, rabar ke skandan ke lie tatha aisiton banane mean prayukt kiya jata hai. isake lavan, ayaran, ailyoominiyam tatha kromiyam aisitetoan ko rangaee mean rangoan ke sthapak ke roop mean, ailyoominiyam tatha samany led aisitetoan ko aushadh ke lie, bhasmik led aisitet ko haddi tootane mean upachar ke lie aur led tetraaisitet ko haidrojan ayan se haidraksilamoolak mean parivartan karane ke lie, kam mean lae jate haian. isake mithi sugandhavale estar, jaise aimil aisitet, sharbat tatha ras ko sugandhit banane tatha laikar varnish taiyar karane mean aur selyoolos aisitet kritrim resham (reyan) tatha ajvalanashil sinema philm banane mean prayukt hote haian.

parikshan –aisitik aml, (1) aisitet par tanu ya saandr salfyoorik aml ki kriya se prapt aisitik aml mean sirake ki gandh se, (2) aisitet ko ethil ailakohal tatha salfyoorik aml ke sath garam karane par phaloan ko mithi sugandhavale ethil aisitet ke banane se tatha (3) aisitet ke udasin vilayan mean ferik aisitet ka bhoora avakshep banane se, pahachana jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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