सिलिकॉन
- REDIRECTsaancha:Infobox element
silik aaun (aangrezi:Silicon) avart sarani ke chaturth samooh ka doosara adhatu tatv hai. silik aaun ke tin sthayi samasthanik hote hai, jinake paramanu bhar kramash: 28.29 hai. yah svatantr avastha mean nahian milata.
silik aaun daee aauksaid athava silakan ko vaijnanik prachin kal se tatv manate ae haian. sarvapratham phraansisi vaijnanik levajiye ne yah bataya ki yah tatv n hokar aauksaid yaugik hai. 1823 ee. mean svidan ke rasayan v barjiliyas ne is tatv ke potaishiyam siliko phloraid (K2SiF6) ka potaishiyam dhatu dvara apachayan kar prapt kiya. 1854 mean phraansisi vaijnanik saant kler devil ne ise vishuddh avastha mean taiyar kiya.
upasthiti
bhooparpati ka chauthaee bhag silik aaun hai. yah aauksijan ke bad sabase adhik matra mean paya jane vala tatv hai aur sanyukt avastha mean pray: sabhi sthanoan mean paya jata hai. aauksijan jan se sanyukt keval silik aaun daeeaauksaid (SiO2) hai. ret athava silikets ke roop mean pattharoan, mitti tatha khanij padarthoan mean silik aaun sarvada upasthit hai. anek paudhoan tatha pashu sharir mean bhi yah milata hai.
nirman
vidyut bhatthi mean karban dvara silik aaun ke daeeaksaid ko apachan karakar silik aaun prapt kiya jata hai. ailuminiyam, potaishiyam ya jiank ki silik aaun kloraid (SiCl4) par kriya dvara bhi silik aaun tatv banaya gaya hai. rakt tapt teantelam par silik aaun kloraid ke vighatan dvara vishuddh avastha mean silik aaun prapt hota hai.
gun
vishuddh silik aaun milana kathin hai. any tatvoan ki sookshm matra dvara isake gunoan mean bahut aantar a jata hai, jisake karan vibhinn vidhiyoan se prapt silik aaun ke gun bhinn-bhinn hi milate haian. vishuddh silik aaun ke kuchh sthiraank jaise sanket (Si) paramanu sankhya 14, paramanu bhar 28.086, galanaank 1410° sean., kvathanaank 2680° sean., ghanatv 2.33 gram prati gh. seanmi. paramanu vyas 1.32 eangastram, vishisht tap 0.162 kailori aur vartanaank 4.24 haian. silik aaun kristaliy aur akristaliy donoan avasthaoan mean milata hai. kristal silik aaun mean dhatu ki si chamak aur vidyut chalakata hoti hai. yah kaanch se bhi kathor hai.
silik aaun jal ya sadharan amloan se prabhavit nahian hota. keval haidrophlorik aml ki kriya dvara phlorosilisik aml (H2SiF6) banata hai. ubalate kshar ke vilayan ki abhikriya dvara siliket banata hai. phlorin tatha klorin gais silik aaun se shighr kiya kar kramash: silik aaun phloraid (SiF4) aur silik aaun kloraid (SiCl4) banate haian. uchch tap par aauksijan, jalavashp tatha anek dhatuean silik aaun se abhikriya karati haian.
silik aaun chaturth samooh ka tatv hone ke karan karban se anek gunoan mean milata-julata hai. silik aaun paramanu ke bahari kaksh mean char ilektr aaun haian. ye ilektr aaun any tatvoan ke ilektr aaunoan se milakar char sahasanyojak bandh banate haian. in bandhoan mean karban se adhik ayanik gun vartaman haian. phir bhi isake sahasanyojak bandh banate haian. is bandhoan mean karban se adhik ayanik gun vartaman haian. phir bhi isake sahasanyojak gun pradhan hote haian. kabhi-kabhi char sanyojakata se adhik ke yaugik bhi milate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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| H | He | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | ||||||||||
| Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Uut | Uuq | Uup | Lv | Uus | Uuo | ||||||||||
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