ग्रीष्म ऋतु
grishm rritu
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| vivaran | grishm rritu bharat ki pramukh 4 rrituoan mean se ek rritu hai. bharatiy ganana ke anusar jyeshth-ashadh ke mahinoan mean grishm rritu hoti hai. grishm rritu mean manoosan ke agaman ke poorv pashchimi tatiy maidani bhagoan mean bhi kuchh varsha prapt hoti hai, jise 'maiangoan shavar' kaha jata hai. |
| samay | jyeshth-ashadh (mee-joon) |
| mausam | uttar pashchimi bharat ke shushk bhagoan mean is rritu mean chalane vali garm evan shushk havaoan ko 'loo' kaha jata hai. rajasthan, panjab, hariyana tatha pashchimi uttar pradesh mean prayah sham ke samay dhool bhari aandhiyaan chalati haian. |
| chay varsha | grishm rritu mean asam tatha pashchim bangal rajyoan mean bhi tivr evan ardr havaean chalane lagati haian, jinase garaj ke sath varsha ho jati hai. yah varsha asam mean 'chay varsha' kahalati hai. |
| any janakari | grishm rritu mean uttar-pashchimi bharat mean sthit thar marusthal par milane vala nyoonatam vayudab kshetr badhakar sampoorn chhota nagapur pathar ko bhi avrit kar leta hai, jisake karan sthaniy evan sagariy ardr havaoan ka parisancharan is or prarambh ho jata hai aur sthaniy prabal toophanoan ka janm hota hai. |
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grishm rritu (aangrezi: Summer Season) bharat ki pramukh 4 rrituoan mean se ek rritu hai. bharatiy ganana ke anusar jyeshth-ashadh ke mahinoan mean grishm rritu hoti hai. grishm rritu mean manoosan ke agaman ke poorv pashchimi tatiy maidani bhagoan mean bhi kuchh varsha prapt hoti hai, jise 'maiangoan shavar' kaha jata hai. isake atirikt asam tatha pashchim bangal rajyoan mean bhi tivr evan ardr havaean chalane lagati haian, jinase garaj ke sath varsha ho jati hai. yah varsha asam mean 'chay varsha' kahalati hai. in havaoan ko 'naravestar' athava 'kal vaishakhi' ke nam se jana jata hai. yah varsha poorv-manasoon varsha kahalati hai.
grishm rritu ka samay
bharat mean samanyataya 15 march se 15 joon tak grishm mani jati hai. is samay tak soory bhoomadhy rekha se kark rekha ki or badhata hai, jisase sampoorn desh mean tapaman mean vriddhi hone lagati hai. is samay soory ke kark rekha ki or agrasar hone ke sath hi tapaman ka adhikatam bindu bhi kramashah dakshin se uttar ki or badhata jata hai aur mee ke ant mean desh ke uttari-pashchimi bhag mean yah 480 sean.ge. tak pahuanch jata hai. is samay uttari bharat adhikatam tapaman tatha nyoonatam vayudab ke kshetr mean parivartit hone lagata hai. uttar-pashchimi bharat mean sthit thar marusthal par milane vala nyoonatam vayudab kshetr badhakar sampoorn chhota nagapur pathar ko bhi avrit kar leta hai, jisake karan sthaniy evan sagariy ardr havaoan ka parisancharan is or prarambh ho jata hai aur sthaniy prabal toophanoan ka janm hota hai. moosaladhar varsha evan oloan ke girane yahaan tivr gati vale prachand toophan bhi ban jate haian, jinaka karan sthaliy garm evan shushk vayu ka sagariy ardr vayu se milana hai.
mausam
uttar pashchimi bharat ke shushk bhagoan mean is samay chalane vali garm evan shushk havaoan ko 'loo' kaha jata hai. rajasthan, panjab, hariyana tatha pashchimi uttar pradesh mean prayah sham ke samay dhool bhari aandhiyaan ati hai, jinake karan drishyata tak kam ho jati hai. dhool ki prakriti evan rang ke adhar par inhean kali athava pili aandhiyaan kaha jata hai. samudrik prabhav ke karan dakshin bharat mean in garm pavanoan tatha aandhiyoan ka abhav paya jata hai.
sahityik ullekh
kal-kram se basant rritu ke bad grishm rritu ati hai. is rritu ke prarambh hote hi basant ki komalata aur madakata samapt ho jati hai aur mausam garm hone lagata hai. dhire-dhire garmi itani badh jati hai ki prat: 8 baje ke bad hi ghar se bahar nikalana kathin ho jata hai. sharir pasine se nahane lagata hai, pyas se gala sookhata rahata hai, s dakoan par kolatar pighal jata hai, subah se hi loo chalane lagati hai, kabhi–kabhi to rat ko bhi loo chalati hai. garmi ki dopahar mean sari srishti t dap uthati hai, chhaya bhi dhooandhati hai.
kavi bihari kahate haian-
baithi rahi ati sahan ban, paithi sadan tan maanh,
dekhi dupahari jeth ki, chhaahau chahati chhaanh .
ek aur dohe mean kavi bihari kahate haian ki grishm ki dopahari mean garmi se vyakul prani vair-virodh ki bhavana ko bhool jate haian. paraspar virodh bhav vale jantu ek sath p de rahate haian. unhean dekhakar aisa pratit hota hai mano yah sansar koee tapovan mean rahane vale praniyoan mean kisi ke prati durbhavana nahian hotian. bihari ka doha is prakar hai-
kahalane ekat vasat, ahi mayoor mrig-bagh.
jagat tapovan soan kiyo, diragh dagh nidagh.
garmi mean din lambe aur ratean chhoti hoti haian. dopahar ka bhojan karane par sone v aram karane ki tabiyat hoti hai. pakki s dakoan ka tarakol pighal jata hai. s dakean tave ke saman tap jati haian-
barasa raha hai, ravi anal bhootal tava-sa jal raha.
hai chal raha san-san pavan, tan se pasina dhal raha॥
retile pradeshoan jaise rajasthan v hariyana mean ret u d-u dakar aankhoan mean p dati hai. jab tej aandhi ati hai to sarvanash ka drishy upasthit ho jata hai. dhani log is bhayankar garmi ke prakop se bachane ke liye paha doan par jate haian. kuchh log gharoan mean pankhe aur koolar lagakar garmi ko door bhagate haian.[1]
pauranik ullekh
bhagavat puran mean grishm rritu mean krishna dvara kaliya nag ke daman ki katha ati hai jisako uparokt adhar par samajha ja sakata hai. bhagavat puran ka dvitiy skandh srishti se sambandhit hai jisaki vyakhya apekshit hai. shatapath brahman mean grishm ka stanayan/garjan se tadatmy kaha gaya hai jisaki vyakhya apekshit hai.
jaiminiy brahman[2] mean vakh ya agni ko grishm kaha gaya hai.
taittiriy sanhita mean grishm rritu yav prapt karati hai. taittiriy brahman mean grishm mean rudroan ki stuti ka nirdesh hai. taittariy sanhita mean rrituoan evan masoan ke nam bataye gaye haian. jaise- basant rritu ke do mas- madhu madhav, grishm rritu ke shukr-shuchi, varsha ke nabh aur nabhasy, sharad ke ish oorj, hemant ke sah sahasy aur shishir rritu ke do mah tapas aur tapasy bataye gaye haian.
charak sanhita mean kaha gaya hai- shishir rritu uttam balavali, vasant rritu madhyam balavali aur grishm rritu daurbalyavali hoti hai. grishm rritu mean garam jalavayu pitt ekatr karati hai. prakriti mean hone vale parivartan sharir ko prabhavit karate haian. isalie vyakti ko sadharan roop se bhojan tatha achar-vyavahar ke sath prakriti aur usake parivartanoan ke sath samanjasy sthapit karana chahie. tapaman badhane par pitt uttejit hota hai tatha sharir mean jama ho jata hai. vyadhiyoan se bachav ke lie rritu ke anukool ahar tatha gatividhiyoan ka palan jaroori hai.[3]
hindi kavy mean grishm rritu
grishm ka atap badhate hi chahal–pahal kam ho jati hai. vrikshoan ke sath hamari nikatata badh jati hai‚ vriksh hamean jivanadata se pratit hone lagate haian. log gharoan mean kaid hone lagate haian. aise mean grishm ki anubhooti ka ek b da hissa to pasina banakar hi nikal jata hai phir bhi kuchh rah jata hai jise kavitaoan ke madhyam se abhivyakt kiya jata raha hai. vasant aur pavas ki tulana mean grishm par kam kavitaean likhi gee haian. grishm ki abhivyakti sabhi prakar ki kavitaoan mean milati hai chahe ve bal kavitaean ho ya praudh kavitaean. adhikaanshatah grishm se utpann sabhi sthitiyoan ko pratikoan mean prayukt kiya hai parantu anek kavitaoan mean abhidha mean bhi inaka prayog dekhane ko milata hai. ritikal mean to rritu varnan par n jane kitana shreshth aur vishad sahity likha gaya hai. adhunik sahity mean bhi grishm par kendrit kavitaean khoob likhi ja rahi haian. kuchh kavitaean jinamean grishm ke vividh kshanoan ki anubhooti kaviyoan ne ki hai. sooraj hamari prithvi par jivan banae rakhane ke lie anivary hai parantu usaka atishay tap hamare man mean jhuanjhalahat hi paida karata hai. d aau. ramadarash mishr ki kavitaoan mean grishm ke soory ko kashtoan ko pratik banakar prastut kiya gaya hai-
kisane baitha diya hai mere kandhe par sooraj
ek jalata hua asahy bojh kab se dho raha hooan
hamare jivan mean dukh aur sukh ate jate rahate haian yahi jivan hai‚ dukh ke samay ham ghabaraean nahian aur sukh ke samay abhimani n ho jaean isalie yah parivartan hota rahata hai. grishm ke atap ke uparant tapt vyom ke hriday par meghoan ki mala sushobhit ho jati hai. yah ashavadi drishti grishm ka atap hamean bhi de jata hai ki ham ashavadi rahean. sooryakant tripathi nirala ke shabdoan mean-
jala hai jivan yah
atap mean dirghakal
sookhi bhoomi‚ sookhe taru
sookhe sikt al bal
band hua guanj‚ dhooli
dhoosar ho ge kuanj
kintu p di vyom–ur
bandhu‚ nil megh–mal.[3]
ritikalin sahity mean ullekh
ritikalin kaviyoan mean senapati ka grishm rritu varnan atyant prasiddh hai–
vrish ko tarani tej sahasauan kiran kari
jvalan ke jal bikaral barakhat haian.
tachati dharani, jag jarat jharani, siri
chhaanh ko pakari panthi panchhi biramat haian॥
senapati naiku dupahari ke dharat, hot
dhamaka visham, jo napat kharakat haian.
mere jan paunoan siri thaur kau pakari konoan
ghari ek baithi kahooan ghamaian bitavat haian॥[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ grishm (garmi) rritu (hiandi) anush (bl aaug). abhigaman tithi: 23 janavari, 2018.
- ↑ jaiminiy brahman 2.51
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 grishm rritu (hiandi) kibord ke patrakar. abhigaman tithi: 25 janavari, 2018.