खारवेल
thumb|raja kharavel (kalpanik chitr) pahali sadi ee.poo. tak kaliang ka jain raja 'kharavel' is mahadvip ka sarvashreshth samrat ban chuka tha aur maury shasakoan ka magadh kaliang samrajy ka ek praant ban chuka tha. u disa mean bhuvaneshvar ke nikat udayagiri ki paha diyoan mean kharavel ke shasanakal ke 'smarak prapy prachin smarakoan' mean sabase prachin haian. upalabdh shilalekhoan mean raja kharavel ko keval sainy kaushal mean hi mahir nahian bataya gaya hai balki use sahity, ganit aur samajik vijnan ka bhi jnata bataya gaya hai. kala ke sanrakshak ke roop mean bhi usaki mahan khyati thi aur apani rajadhani mean nrity aur naty kala ko bhi protsahan dene ka shrey use mila.[1]
'prasiddh itihasakar ke.pi. jayasaval ne meghavansh rajaoan ko chedivansh ka mana hai. ‘bharat aandhakar yugin itihas (san 150 ee. se 350 ee. tak)’ mean ve likhate haian, ‘ye log megh kahalate the. ye log u disa tatha kaliang ke unhian chediyoan ke vanshaj the, jo kharavel ke vanshadhar the aur apane samrajy kal mean ‘mahamegh’ kahalate the. bharat ke poorv mean jain dharm phailane ka shrey kharavel ko jata hai. kaliang raja jain dharm ke anuyayi the, unaka vaishnav dharm se virodh tha. at: vaishnav dharmi raja ashok ne us par akraman kiya isaka doosara karan samudri marg par kabja bhi tha. ise ‘kaliang yuddh’ ke nam se jana jata hai. yuddh mean ek lakh se adhik log mare jane se vyathit ashok ne bauddh dharm apanaya aur ahiansa par jor dekar bauddh dharm ko any deshoan tak phailaya.' [2]
shilalekh mean ullekh
Template:Main hathigumfa shilalekh maury vansh ki shakti ke shithil hone par jab magadh samrajy ke anek sudooravarti pradesh maury samratoan ki adhinata se mukt hone lage, to kaliang bhi svatantr ho gaya. u disa ke bhuvaneshvar namak sthan se tin mil door udayagiri nam ki paha di hai, jisaki ek gufa mean ek shilalekh upalabdh hua hai, jo 'hathigumfa lekh' ke nam se prasiddh hai. ise kaliangaraj kharavel ne utkirn karaya tha. yah lekh prakrit bhasha mean hai, aur prachin bharatiy itihas ke lie isaka bahut adhik mahatv hai. isake anusar kaliang ke svatantr rajy ke raja prachin 'ail vansh' ke cheti ya chedi kshatriy the. chedi vansh mean 'mahamedhavahan' nam ka pratapi raja hua, jisane mauryoan ki nirbalata se labh uthakar kaliang mean apana svatantr shasan sthapit kiya. mahamedhavahan ki tisari pidhi mean kharavel hua, jisaka vrittant hathigumfa shilalekh mean vishad ke roop se ullikhit hai. kharavel jain dharm ka anuyayi tha, aur sambhavatah usake samay mean kaliang ki bahusankhyak janata bhi vardhaman mahavir ke dharm ko apana chuki thi.
kharavel ki shakti ke utkarsh aur digvijay ka yah vrittant nissandeh bahut mahatv ka hai. chedi kshatriyoan ke shaury ke karan kaliang n keval maury samrajy ki adhinata se mukt hokar svatantr ho gaya tha, apitu unake anyatam raja kharavel ne bharat ke sudoor pradeshoan ko jitakar apane adhin bhi kar liya tha. aisa pratit hota hai, ki kharavel apane vijit pradeshoan par sthir roop se kary nahian kar saka, aur usane kisi sthayi samrajy ki sthapana nahian ki.
aitihasik abhi yah nirnay nahian kar sake haian ki kharavel ka samay kaun—sa hai. shri kashiprasad jayasaval ne sabase poorv hathigumfa shilalekh ko prakashit karaya tha, aur unhoanne usaka jo path padha tha, usamean kharavel ke samakalin magadharaj ke nam ko bahasatimit padhakar aur brihaspatimitr ko pushyamitr ka paryayavachi manakar unhoanne yah pratipadit kiya tha ki kharavel shuangavanshi raja pushyamitr ka samakalin tha. sath hi, jo yavanaraj kharavel ke akraman ke bhay se madhyadesh ko chho dakar vapas chala gaya tha, usaka nam bhi jayasaval ji ne hathigumfa shilalekh mean 'dimit' padha tha. jise unhoanne baiktriya ke yavan raja demetriyas se milaya tha. par bad mean anek aitihasikoan ne hathigumfa shilalekh ke in pathoan se asahamati pragat ki. unake anusar is shilalekh mean n bahasatimit ka nam hai, aur n hi dimit ka.
jin dinoan magadh par pushpamitr raj karata tha, unhian dinoan kaliang mean kharavel nam ka bahut hi vir aur mahatvakaankshi raja hua . kharavel itana bahadur tha ki dakshin mean jis tamil deshoan ke sangh ko chandragupt maury bhi apane adhin nahian kar saka tha, use kharavel ne apane adhin kar liya. kharavel ne pataliputr par bhi chadhaee ki. kharavel ne yavanoan ko bhi parast kiya. eesa poorv doosari shatabhdi mean kharavel raja ke adhin kaliang ek shaktishali samrajhy ban gaya. kharavel ki mrithyu ke bad u disa ki khhyati lupht ho gee.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat ka itihas (hindi) (ech ti em el) itihaasam.blogspot.com. abhigaman tithi: 4sitambar, 2010.
- ↑ meghavansh: ek sianhavalokan (hindi) (ech ti em el) maheshpanthi.net. abhigaman tithi: 4sitambar, 2010.