गुप्त साम्राज्य

40px	panna banane ki prakriya mean hai. ap isako taiyar karane mean sahayata kar sakate haian.

guptakalin prashasan

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gupt samratoan ke samay mean ganatantriy rajavyavastha ka hmas hua. gupt prashasan rajatantratmak vyavastha par adharit tha. devatv ka sidvant guptakalin shasakoan mean prachalit tha. rajapad vanshanugat siddhant par adharit tha. raja apane b de putr ko yuvaraj ghoshit karata tha. usane utkarsh ke samay mean gupt samrajy uttar mean himalay se lekar dakshin mean vianghyaparvat tak evan poorv mean bangal ki kha di se lekar pashchim mean saurashtr tak phaila hua tha.

rajasv ke srot

guptakal mean rajakiy ay ke pramukh srot ‘kar‘ the, jo nimnalikhit haian- bhag- raja ko bhoomi ke utpadan se prapt hone vala chhathaan hissa. bhog- sambhavatah raja ko har din phal-phool evan sabjiyoan ke roop mean diya jane vala kar. pranayakar- guptakal mean gramavasiyoan par lagaya gaya anivary ya svechchha chanda tha. bhoomikar bhog ka ullekh manusmriti mean hua hai. isi prakar bhet namak kar ka ullekh harshacharit mean aya hai. uparikar evan udrangakar- yah ek prakar ka bhoomi kar hota tha. bhoomi kar ki adayagi donoan hi roopoan mean ‘hirany‘ (nakad) ya mey (ann) mean kiya ja sakata tha, kintu chhathi shati ke bad kisanoan ko bhoomi kar ki adayagi ann ke roop mean karane ke lie badhy hona p da. bhoomi ka svami krishakoan evan unaki striyoan se bekar ya vishti liya karata tha. gupt abhilekhoan mean bhoomikar ko udrang ya bhagakar kaha gaya hai. smriti granthoan mean ise ‘raja ki vritti‘ ke roop mean ullekh kiya gaya hai.

haladand kar hal par lagata tha. guptakal mean vanikoan, shilpiyoan, shakkar evan nil banane vale par rajakar lagata tha. guptakal mean rajasv ke any mahatvapoorn srotoan mean bhoomi, ratn, chhipa hua guptadhan, khan evan namak adi the. in par sidhe samrat ka ekadhipaty hota tha(narad smriti) par kadachith yadi is tarah ki khan ya gupt dhan kisi aisi bhoomi par nikal aye jo kisi ko pahale se anudan mean mili hai to is par raja ka koee bhi adhikar nahian rah jata tha. sanbhavatah guptakal mean bhoorajasv kul utpadan ka 1/4 se 1/6 tak hota tha. smritikar manu se ‘manusmriti‘ kaha hai ki bhoomi par usi ka adhikar hota hai jo bhoomi ko sarvapratham jangal se bhoomi mean parivartit karata hai. brihaspati aur narad smritiyoan mean yah spasht roop se kaha gaya hai ki kisi bhi vyakti ka jamin par malika adhikar tabhi mana ja sakata hai, jab usake pas kanooni dastavej ho. is samay prachalan mean karib 5 prakar ki bhoomi ka ullekh milata hai. 1. kshetr bhoomi- aisi bhoomi jo kheti ke yogy hoti ho. 2. vastu bhoomi- aisi bhoomi jo nivas ke yogy hoti ho. 3. charagah bhoomi - pashuoan ke chara yogy bhoomi 4. sil - aisi bhoomi jo jitane yogy nahian hoti thi. 5. agrahat - aisi bhoomi jo jangali hoti thi. amar sianh ne ‘ amarakosh‘ mean 12 prakar ki bhoomi ka ullekh kiya hai. ye haian - 1. urvara, 2.oosar, 3. maru, 4. aprahat, 5. sadval, 6. pankil, 7. jal, 8. kachchh, 9. sharkara, 10, sharkavati, 11. nadimatrik, aur 12 devamatrik. kushi se jude hue karyo ko mahakshatalik evan karanik dekhata tha. guptakal mean sianchaee ke sadhanoan ke abhav ke karan adhikaansh krishi varsha par adharit thi. varahamihir ki vrihattasanhita mean varsha ki sanbhavana aur varsha ke abhav ke prashn par kaphi vichar vimarsh hua hai. vrihat sanhita mean hi varsha se hone vali tin phasaloan ka ullekh hai. skandagupt mean joonagadh, abhilekh se yah pramanit hota hai ki isane sudarshan jhil ki marammat karavaee sianchaee manean ‘rahat‘ ya ghatiyantr ya prayog hota tha. guptakal mean sona, chaandi, taanba evan loha jaisi dhatuoan ka prachalan tha. palane yogy pashuoan mean amarakosh mean gho de, bhaians, ooant, bakari, bhe d, gadha, kutta, billi adi ka vivaran prapt hota hai. hnenasaang ne guptakalin phasaloan ke vishay mean bataya hai ki pashchimottar bharat mean eekh aur gehooan tatha magadh evan usake poorvi kshetroan mean chaval ki paidavar hoti thi. amarakosh mean ullikhit kataee-bunaee, hathakaragha evan dhage ke vivaran se lagata hai ki guptakal mean vastr nirman ke kshetr mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhati thi. shraneniyaan, vyavasayik udyam evan nirman ke kshetr mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhati thi. shreniyaan apane antarik mamaloan mean poorn svatantr hoti thi. shreni ke pradhan ko ‘jyeshthak‘ kaha jata tha. yah pad anuvanshik hota tha. nalanda evan vaishali se guptakalin shreshthiyoan, sarthavahoan evan kulikoan ki muharean prapt hoti hai. shreniyaan adhunik baiank ka bhi kam karati thi. ye dhan ko apane pas jama karati evan byaj par dhan udhar deti thi. byaj ke roop mean prapt dhan ka upayog mandiroan mean dipak jalane ke kam mean kiya jata tha. 437-38 ee ke ‘mandasaur abhilekh‘ mean resham bunakaroan ki shreni ke dvara vishal soory mandir ke nirman evan marammat ka ullekh milata hai. skandaganupt ke iandaur tamrapatr abhilekh mean iandrapur ke dev vishnu brahman dvara ‘tailik shreni‘ ka ullekh milata hai jo byaj ke rupaye mean se soory mandir mean dipak jalane mean prayukt tej ke kharch ko vahan karata tha. gupt kal mean shreni se b di sanstha, jisaki shilp shreniyaan sadasy hoti thi, use nigam kaha jata tha. pratyek shilpiyoan ki alag-alag shreniyaan hoti thi. ye shreniyaan apane kanoon evan parampara ki avahelana karane valoan ko saja dene ka adhikar rakhati thian. vyaparik ka nanetritv karane vala ‘sarthavah‘ kahalata tha. nigam ka pradhan ‘shreshthi‘ kahalata tha. vyaparik samitiyoan ko nigam kahate the. guptakalin abhilekh evan unake pravartak shasak/prarvatak pramukh abhilekh samudragupt prayag prashasti, eran prashasti, gaya tamr shasan lekh, nalanda shasan lekh chandragupt dvitiy saanchi shilalekh, udayagiri ka pratham evan dvitiy shilalekh, gadhava ka pratham shilalekh mathura stambh lekh, meharauli prashasti. kumar gupt mandasaur shilalekh, gadhava ka dvitiy evan tritiy shilalekh, vilas d stambh lekh udayagiri ka tritiy guhalekh, manakanuvar buddhamoorti lekh, karmadada liankalekh, dhanadeh tamralekh, kitaeekuti, tamralekh baigram tamralekh, damodar pratham evan dvitiy tamralekh. skandagupt joonagadh prashasti, bhitari stambh lekh, supiya stambh lekh, kahaanv stambh lekh, indaur tamralekh. kumaragupt dvitiy saranath buddhamoorti lekh bhanugupt eran stambh lekh. vishnugupt pancham domodar tamralekh. buddhagupt eran stambh lekh, rajaghat (varanasi) stambh lekh, paha d tamralekh, nandapur tamralekh chaturth damodar tamralekh. bailagupt tipara (guneedhar) tamralekh.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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