नागार्जुन बौद्धाचार्य

achary nagarjun / Acharya Nagarjun

• hrenasaang ke anusar ashvaghosh, nagarjun, aryadev aur kumaralabdh (kumaralat) samakalin the.
• rajatanragini aur taranath ke matanusar nagarjun kanishk ke kal mean paida hue the. nagarjun ke kal ke bare mean itane mat-matantar haian ki koee nishchit samay siddh kar pana atyant kathin hai, phir bhi ee.poo. pratham shatabdi se eesviy pratham-dvitiy shatabdi ke bich kahian unaka samay hona chahie. kumarajiv ne 405 ee. ke lagabhag chini bhasha mean nagarjun ki jivani ka anuvad kiya tha. ye dakshin bharat ke vidarbh pradesh mean brahman kul mean utpann hue the. ve jyotish, ayurved, darshan evan tantr adi vidyaoan mean atyant nipun the aur prasiddh siddh tantrik the.
• prajnaparamitasootroan ke adhar par unhoanne madhyamik darshan ka pravartan kiya tha. kaha jata hai ki unake kal mean prajnaparamitasootr jamboodvip mean anupalabdh the. unhoanne nagalok jakar unhean prapt kiya tatha un sootroan ke darshan paksh ko madhyamik darshan ke roop mean prastut kiya.
• astitv ka vishleshan darshanoan ka pramukh vishay raha hai. bharatavarsh mean isi ke vishleshan mean darshanoan ka abhootapoorv vikas hua hai. upanishad-dhara mean achary shankar ka advait vedant tatha bauddh-dhara mean achary nagarjun ka shoonyadvayavad shikharayaman hai. paraspar ke vad-vivad ne in donoan dharaoan ke darshanoan ko utkarsh ki parakashtha tak pahuanchaya hai. yadyapi achary shankar ka kal nagarjun se bahut bad ka hai, phir bhi nagarjun ke samay aupanishadik dhara ke astitv ka apalap nahian kiya ja sakata, kintu usaki vyakhya achary shankar ki vyakhya se nishchit hi bhinn rahi hogi. achary nagarjun ke avirbhav ke bad bharatiy darshanik chintan mean naya mo d aya. usamean nee gati evan prakharata ka pradurbhav hua. vastut: nagarjun ke bad hi bharatavarsh mean yatharth darshanik chintan prarambh hua. nagarjun ne jo mat sthapit kiya, usaka pray: sabhi bauddh-bauddhetar darshanoan par vyapak prabhav p da aur usi ke khandan-mandan mean any darshanoan ne apane ko charitarth kiya.
• nagarjun ke matanusar vastu ki paramarthat: satta ka ek 'shashvat ant' hai tatha vyavaharat: asatta doosara 'uchchhed ant' hai. in donoan antoan ka parihas kar ve apana anootha madhyam marg prakashit karate haian. unake anusar paramarthat: 'bhav' nahian hai tatha vyavaharat: ya sanvrittit: 'abhav' bhi nahian hai. yahi nagarjun ka madhyam marg ya madhyamik darshan hai. is madhyam marg ki vyavastha unhoanne any bauddhoan ki bhaanti pratityasamutpad ki apani vishisht vyakhya ke adhar par ki hai. ve 'pratity' shabd dvara shashvat ant ka tatha 'samutpad' shabd dvara uchchhed ant ka parihas karate haian aur shoonyatadarshan ki sthapana karate haian.
• nagarjun ke nam par anek granth upalabdh hote haian, kintu unamean

1. moolamadhyamikakarika,
2. vigrahavyavartani,
3. yuktishashtika,
4. shoonyatasaptati,
5. ratnavali aur
6. vaidalyasootr pramukh haian.

• inamean moolamadhyamikakarika sharir sthaniy hai tatha any granth usi ke avayav ya poorak ke roop mean mane jate haian. kaha jata hai ki unhoanne moolamadhyamikakarika par 'akutobhaya' nam ki vritti likhi thi, kintu any sakshyoan ke prakash mean ane par ab yah mat vidvanoan mean many nahian hai. isake atirikt suhrillekh evan sootrasamuchchay adi bhi unaki kritiyaan haian.
• bharatiy bauddh acharyoan ka kritiyoan ka tibbat ke 'tan-gyur' namak sangrah mean sankalan kiya gaya hai.