भारत का इतिहास

bharat aur vishv ka paridrishy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

athavian shatabdi ke bad yoorop aur eshiya mean kee mahatvapoorn parivartan hue. inase n keval yoorop aur eshiya ke sambandhoan mean, balki logoan ke rahan-sahan aur unaki vicharadhara par bhi, dooragami prabhav p de. prachin roman samrajy aur bharat ke bich b di matra mean vyapar hone ke karan in parivartanoan ka prabhav aparoksh roop se bharat par bhi p da. is samay vishv ka paridrishy is prakar tha- yoorop mean chhathi shatabdi ke uttarardh ke arambh mean shaktishali roman samrajy do hissoan mean bant gaya tha. pashchimi bhag mean, jisaki rajadhani rom thi, roos aur jarmani ki or se bahut b di sankhya mean slav aur jarman qabile ke logoan ke akraman hue. pashchimi yoorop mean roman samrajy ke vighatan ke bad ek naye prakar ke samaj aur ek nee shasan vyavastha ka janm hua. is nayi vyavastha ko samantavad kaha jata hai. islam ke uday se arab mean hamesha apas mean l dane vale qabile ekajut hokar ek shaktishali samrajy ke roop mean age ae. chin mean athavian aur nauvi shatabdi mean taang shasan ke kal mean vahaan ki sabhyata aur sanskriti apane shikhar par thi.

uttari bharat – tin samrajyoan ka yug

(athavian se dasavian shatabdi)
sat sau pachas aur ek hazar eesvi ke bich uttar tatha dakshin bharat mean kee shaktishali samrajyoan ka uday hua. nauanvian shatabdi tak poorvi aur uttari bharat mean pal samrajy tatha dasavian shatabdi tak pashchimi tatha uttari bharat mean pratihar samrajy shaktishali bane rahe. rashtrakootoan ka prabhav dakkan mean to tha hi, kee bar unhoanne uttari aur dakshin bharat mean bhi apana prabhutv qayam kiya. yadyapi ye tinoan samrajy apas mean l date rahate the tathapi inhoanne ek b de bhoo-bhag mean sthirata qayam rakhi aur sahity tatha kalaoan ko protsahit kiya. in tinoan samrajyoan mean rashtrakoot samrajy sabase adhik dirghajivi raha. yah n keval apane samay ka sabase shaktishali samrajy tha, varan isane arthik tatha saanskritik mamaloan mean uttar aur dakshin bharat ke bich setu ka kary kiya.

pal samrajy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

harsh ke samay ke bad se uttari bharat ke prabhutv ka pratik kannauj mana jata tha. bad mean yah sthan dilli ne prapt kar liya.

pratihar samrajy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

devapal ke shasan ke antim dinoan mean pratihar samrajy ki shakti badhane lagi. pratiharoan ka gujarat athava dakshin-pashchim rajasthan se sambandh hone ke karan unhean gurjar pratihar bhi kaha jata hai. ye pal vansh se kuchh samay pahale hi shaktishali bane.

rashtrakoot samrajy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

jab uttari bharat mean pal aur pratihar vanshoan ka shasan tha, dakkan mean rashtookoot rajy karate the. is vansh ne bharat ko kee yoddha aur kushal prashasak die haian. is samrajy ki nianv 'dantidurg' ne dali.

is yug ki ek aur mahatvapoorn bat rajy aur dharm ke bich sambandh hai. is yug ke kee shasak shaiv aur vaishnav aur kee bauddh aur jain dharm ko manane vale the. ve brahmanoan, bauddh biharoan aur jain mandiroan ko udaratapoorvak dan dete the, lekin ve kisi bhi vyakti ke prati usake dharmik vicharoan ke lie bhedabhav nahian rakhate the aur sabhi matavalanbiyoan ko sanrakshan pradan karate the. rashtrakoot nareshoan ne bhi musalamanoan tak ka svagat kiya aur unhean apane dharm prachar ki svikriti di. sadharanatah koee bhi raja dharmashastroan ke niyamoan tatha any paramparaoan mean hastakshep nahian karata tha aur in mamaloan mean vah purohit ki salah par chalata tha. lekin isase yah nahian samajha jana chahie ki purohit rajy ke karyoan mean hastakshep karata tha athava raja par usaka kisi prakar ka dabav tha. is yug ke dharmashastroan ke mahan vyakhyakar medhatithi ka kahana hai ki raja ke adhikar vyanjit karane vale srot ved sahit dharmashastroan ke alava 'arthashastr' bhi hai. usaka 'rajadharm' arthashastr mean nihit siddhaantoan ke anusar hona chahie. isaka vastavik arth yah tha ki raja ko rajaniti aur dharm ko bilkul alag-alag rakhana chahie aur dharm ko raja ka vyaktigat kartavy samajha jana chahie. is prakar us yug ke shasakoan par n to purohitoan aur n hi unake dvara pratipadit dharm-qanoon ka koee prabhav tha. is arth mean ham kah sakate haian ki us yug mean rajy moolatah dharm nirapeksh the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh