मेघालय

meghalay / Meghalya

itihas aur bhoogol

meghalay bharat ke uttar poorv mean ek rajy hai. meghalay ka nirman asam ke aantargat 2 aprail, 1970 ko ek sh‍vatantr rajh‍y ke roop mean kiya gaya. poorn rajh‍y meghalay 21 janavari, 1972 ko bana. isaki uttari aur poorvi simaean asam se aur dakshini tatha pashchimi simaean baangala desh se milati haian. meghalay ka shabdik arth hai meghoan ka alay arthat badaloan ka ghar. meghalay moolat: ek paha di rajh‍y hai. yahaan khasi, jayantiya aur garoan adivasi samuday ke log mukhyat: rahate haian. meghalay ke madhh‍y aur poorvi bhag mean khasi aur jayantiya pahadiyaan aur ek vishal pathari kshetr hai. yahaan vish‍trit maidan, pahadiyaan aur nadi, ghatiyaan haian. pahad ki talahati par samatal bhoomi ki sankari patti bangaladesh ki aantararashh‍triy sima ke sath lagi hai.

meghalay ka kshetraphal lagabhag 22,429 varg kilomitar hai. san 2000 ki janaganana ke anusar yahaan ki janasankhya 2,175,000 hai. isake uttar mean asam hai jisaki sima brahmaputr nadi se vibhajit hoti hai, aur dakshin mean baangala desh hai. meghalay ki rajadhani shilaang hai. yah ek bahut hi khoobasoorat nagar hai. yahaan ki janasankhya lagabhag 260,000 hai. meghalay pahale asam rajy ka aang tha jisako vibhajit karake 21 janavari 1972 ko ek naya prant banaya gaya.

jalavayu

meghalay ki jalavayu na to adhik ushn ya na adhik shit hai. yahaan ka jalavayu madhyam aur ardr hai . yahaan varshik varsha lagabhag 1200 se.mi. tak hoti hai. yah rajy ko desh ka sabase 'gila' rajy kaha jata hai . shilaang ke dakshin mean cherapooanji hai, jahaan ek kaileandar mahine mean sarvadhik barasat ka vishv kirtiman sthapit kiya hai . isi nagar ke samip 'mavasinaram' namak gaanv ke nam sarvadhik salana barish ka rik aaurd hai . kshetraphal ka lagabhag ek tihaee hissa vanoan se dhaka hua hai . yahaan ki garo, khasi aur jayantiya paha diyaan zyada ooanchi nahi haian . shilaang shikhar ki ooanchaee 1966 mitar hai, yah yahaan ka sabase ooancha shikhar hai . yahaan ki guphaoan mean choone ke jal se bani vibhinn akritiyaan haian, jinamean stelaiktaeet aur stelaigmaeet jaisi akritiyaan prasiddh haian .

janasankhya

yahaan par kul janasankhya ka lagabhag 85 pratishat janajatiy abadi hai. lagabhag 50% khasi haian, inake bad garo jati hai jinaki janasankhya ek tihaee hai . isake alava jayantiya tatha hajoang jati ke log bhi haian . lagabhag 15 pratishat abadi mean bangali tatha shekh haian . meghalay desh ke un tin rajyoan mean se ek hai jahaan par eesaee bahumat hai. any do rajy - nagalaiand aur mizoram bhi bharat ke uttar poorv mean hi sthit haian . khasi jati ke log kaitholik haian, garo jati ke log baptist haian.

krishi aur sianchaee

meghalay pradhanat: kri‍shi pradhan rajh‍y hai. yahaan ki lagabhag 80 pratishat janasankhh‍ya mukhh‍y roop se kheti par hi nirbhar hai. yahaan ki mitti aur jalavayu bagavani ke anukool hai. shitoshh‍n, ushnoshh‍n aur ushh‍n katibandhiy phaloan aur sabjiyoan ke uth‍padan ki bhi yahaan par apar sanbhavanaean haian.

yahaan ki mukhh‍y phasalean chaval aur makh‍ka haian. inake atirikh‍t santare (khasi meanderiyan), ananh‍nas, kela, katahal aur aloobukhara, nashapati tatha a doo jaise shitoshh‍n phaloan ke lie prasiddh hai. nakadi phasaloan mean aloo, halh‍di, adarak, kali mirch, supari, pan taipiyoka, chhote reshe vali kapas, patasan aur mesh‍ta, sarasoan aur toriya haian. is samay tilahanoan (mooangaphali, soyabin aur soorajamukhi), kajoo, sh‍tr aaubari, chay aur k aauphi, masharoom, j di-bootiyoan, aaurkid adi phooloan ki kheti par mukhy roop se dhh‍yan keandrit kiya ja raha hai.

udyog

rajh‍y ki vittiy evan audyogik vikas sansh‍tha ka nam 'meghalay audyogik vikas nigam limited' hai, jo udyog ke lie sthaniy udyamiyoan ko vittiy sahayata deti hai. jila audyogik keandr gramin aur kutir udyogoan ke vikas ke lie kary kar raha hai. lohe, ish‍pat samagri, simeant tatha anh‍y vash‍tuoan ke uth‍padan ke lie bhi anek udyogoan ki sh‍thapana ki gee hai.

th‍yohar

‘ka paanbalaang-noangakrem’ khasiyoan ka ek pramukh dharmik th‍yohar hai. jo paanch din tak manaya jata hai. ise 'noangakrem' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah shilaang se lagabhag 11 ki.mi. ki doori par sthit 'smit' namak gaanv mean manaya jata hai. 'shad suk minasim' khasiyoan ka mahath‍vapoorn tyohar hai. yah tyohar har sal aprail ke doosare hafte mean shilaang mean manaya jata hai. 'behadinakhalam jayantiya' adivasiyoan ka mahath‍vapoorn th‍yohar hai. yah julaee mah mean jayantiya pahadiyoan ke jovee kash‍be mean manaya jata hai. garo adivasi salajoang (soory devata) namak devata ke samh‍man mean aktoobar-navanbar mean 'vaangala' namak th‍yohar manate haian. yah th‍yohar lagabhag ek haphte tak manaya jata hai.

parivahan

s dakean meghalay se ho kar chh: rashh‍triy rajamarg haian. rajh‍y mean lok nirman vibhag dvara taiyar ki gee pakh‍ki aur kachh‍chi s dakoan ki kul lanbaee 7,977.98 kilomitar hai. uddayan rajh‍y mean ek matr havaee adda 'umaroee' mean haian, jo shilaang se 35 kilomitar ki doori par hai.

paryatan sh‍thal

meghalay mean bahut se aise paryatan sh‍thal haian, jahaan par prakriti apane bhavh‍y roop mean upasthit hai. rajadhani shilaang mean bhi anekasundar sh‍thal haian. jinamean vard lek, ledi haidari park, polo grauand, mini chidiyaghar, elipheant jalaprapat, aur shilaang ki parvat choti pramukh haian. shilaang ki parvat choti se poore nagar ka drishy dikhaee deta hai. yahaan ka golh‍ph kors desh ke achchhe golh‍ph kors maidanoan mean se ek hai.

rajy sarakar paryatan ko paryapt badhava deti hai kintu alagavavadi sangathan 'ulpha' aur 'bodo rashtriy lokataantrik morcha', garo paha diyoan ko apani gatividhiyoan ka kendr banate rahe haian . ghane jangal aur bangala desh ki sima samip hone ke karan ye log ise guptavas ki bhaanti prayog karate haian.