यहूदी धर्म

prachin mesopotamiya (vartaman eerak tatha siriya) mean sami mool ki vibhinn bhashaean bolane vale akkadi, kainani, amori, asuri adi kee khanabadosh kabile raha karate the. inhian mean se ek kabile ka nam hibroo tha. ve yahova ko apana eeshvar aur abraham ko adi-pitamah manate the. unaki manyata thi ki yahova ne abraham aur unake vanshajoan ke rahane ke lie istrail pradesh niyat kiya hai. prarambh mean goshan ke mistriyoan ke sath hibruoan ke sambandh achchhe the, parantu bad mean donoan mean tanav utpann ho gaya. at: mistri pharaoan ke atyacharoan se pareshan hokar hibroo log moosa ke netritv mean istrail ki or chal p de. is yatra ko yahoodi itihas mean 'nishkraman' kaha jata hai. istrail ke marg mean sinaee parvat par moosa ko eeshvar ka sandesh mila ki yahova hi ekamatr eeshvar hai, at: usaki ajna ka palan karean, usake prati shraddha rakhean aur 10 dharmasootroan ka palan karean. moosa ne yah sandesh hibroo kabile ke logoan ko sunaya. tatpashchath any sabhi devi-devataoan ko hatakar sirph yahova ki aradhana ki jane lagi. is prakar yahova ki aradhana karane vale 'yahoodi' aur unaka dharm 'yahoodat' kahalaya.

yahoodi dharm ki manata hai ki eeshvar apana sandesh paigambaroan ke madhyam se preshit karata hai. yahoodi log abraham, eesak aur jekab ko apana pitamah paigambar, moosa ko mukhy paigambar tatha elija, ayos, hosiya, ijiya, hajakiya, ijakil, jaremiya adi ko any paigambar manate haian. yahoodi dharm 'ekeshvaravad' par adharit hai. unaka eeshvar 'yahova' amoort, nirgun, sarvavyapi, nyayapriy, kripalu aur kathor anushasanapriy hai. apani ajnaoan ke ullanghan hone par vah dand bhi deta hai. itana hi nahian, yahoodi log yahova ki ajnaoan mean sainy krityoan ka bhi sandesh pate haian. yahova unako dharm raksha ke lie sainy sangharsh ka bhi adesh deta hai.

das dharm sootr

yahoodi dharm mean 10 dharmacharanoan ka vishesh mahatv hai, jinaka palan karane par yahova ki anupam kripa prapt hoti hai. ye das dharm sootr nimn haian-

1. maian svami hooan tera eeshvar, tujhe mistr ki dasata se mukt karane vala.
2. mere siva too kisi doosare devata ko nahian manega.
3. too apane svami aur apane prabhu ka nam vyarth hi n lega.
4. sabath (avakash) ka din sadaiv yad rakhana aur use pavitr rakhana. chh: din too kam karega, apane sab kam, kintu satavaan din sabath ka din hai. yad rakhana ki chh: din tak tere prabhu ne akash, prithvi aur sagar tatha un sabamean vidyaman sabhi kuchh ki rachana ki, phir satavean din vishram kiya tha. at: yah prabhu ke vishram ka din hai. is din too koee bhi kam nahian kar sakata.
5. apane mata-pita ka samman kar, unhean adar de taki prabhu pradatt is bhoomi par too dirghayu ho sake.
6. too hatya nahian karega.
7. too parastri, parapurush gaman nahian karega.
8. too chori nahian karega.
9. too apane p dosi ke khilaph jhoothi gavahi nahian dega.
10. too apane p dosi ke makan, p dosi ki patni, p dosi ke naukar ya naukarani, usake bail, usake gadhe par buri nazar nahian rakhega.

dharmagranth

yahoodiyoan ke bich anek dharmagranth prachalit haian, jisamean kuchh pramukh haian-

1. tora, jo baibil ke pratham paanch granthoan ka samoohik nam hai aur yahoodi log ise sidhe eeshvar dvara moosa ko pradan ki gee thi,
2. talamud, jo yahoodiyoan ke maukhik achar v dainik vyahar sanbandhi niyamoan, tikaoan tatha vyakhyaoan ka sankalan hai,
3. ilaka, jo talamud ka vidhi sangrah hai,
4. agada, jisamean dharmakary, dharmakathaean, kisse adi sangrahit haian,
5. tanaka, jo baibil ka hibroo nam hai, adi.

rabi

yahoodiyoan ke purohit ko rabi kahate haian.

sinagaug

yahoodiyoan ke mandir ya poojasthal ko sinagaug kahate haian.

dharmapitak

yah sinagaug mean rakha kikat ki lak di ka svarnajatit ek pitak hai, jisamean das dharmasootroan ki prati rakhi hoti hai. ise dharm pratijna ki nauka bhi kahate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh