शेरशाह सूरी

sherashah soori
Shershah Suri|thumb|200px sherashah soori / Shershah Suri
(sanh 1540 − sanh 1545 )

sherashah soori ka nam pharid khaan tha. vah vaijava da (hoshiyarapur 1472 ee.) mean apane pita hasan ki aphagan path‍ni se utpann tha. usaka pita hasan bihar ke sasaram ka jamiandar tha. humayooan ko harane vala sher khaan 'soor' nam ke kabile ka pathan saradar tha. vah 'sherashah' ke nam se badashah hua. usane agara ko rajadhani banaya tha. dilli ke sultanoan ki hindoo virodhi niti ke khilaf usane hindoooan se mitrata ki niti apanayi. jisase use apani shasan vyavastha sridridh karane mean sahayata mili. usaka divan aur senapati ek hindoo saradar tha, jisaka nam hemoo (hemachandr)tha. usaki sena mean hindoo viroan ki sankhya bahut thi. usane apane rajy mean shaanti kar janata ko sukhi aur samriddh banane ke prayas kiye. usane yatriyoan aur vyapariyoan ki suraksha ka prabandh kiya. lagan aur malagujari vasool karane ki santoshajanak vyavastha ki. sherashah soori ke faraman farasi ke sath nagari aksharoan mean bhi hote the. vah pahala badashah tha, jisane bangal ke sonagaanv se siandh nadi tak do hajar mil lanbi pakki s dak banavaee thi. us s dak par ghu dasavaroan dvara dak lane−le−jane ki vyavastha thi. yah marg us samay 's dak-e-azam' kahalata tha. bangal se peshavar tak ki yah s dak 500 kos (shuddh= krosh) ya 2500 kilo mitar lambi thi.

bachapan

hasan khan ke ath l dake the. pharid khan aur nijam khan ek hi aphagan mata se paida hue the. ali aur yoosuph ek maan se. khurram (kuchh granthoan mean yah nam mudahir hai) aur shakhi khan ek any maan se aur suleman aur ahamad chauthi maan se utpann hue the. pharid ki maan b di sidhi-sadi, sahanashil aur buddhiman thi. pharid ke pita ne is vivahita patni ke atirikt any tin dasiyoan ko haram mean rakh liya tha. bad mean inhean patni ka sthan prapt hua. pharid aur nijam ke atirikt shesh chhah putr inhian ki santan the. kuchh samay bad hasan khan, pharid aur nijam ki maan se udasin aur dasiyoan ke prati asakt rahane laga. vah suleman aur ahamad khan ki maan ke prati vishesh asakt tha. vah ise adhik chahane laga tha. is karan kautuanbik vivad kh da hone laga. hasan ki yah chaheti (suleman aur ahamad khan ki maan) pharid aur nijam ki maan se jalati thi kyoanki sabase b da hone ke karan pharid jagir ka hakadar tha. is paristhiti mean pharid ka dukhi hona svabhavik. pita usaki or se udasin rahane laga. thumb|200px|left|sherashah soori ka maqabara, sasaram bihar pita-putr ke apasi sanbandh katu ho ge. isaka ek achchha phal bhi hua. pita ki udasinata, vimata ki nishthurata mata ki ganbhirata aur parivar mean badhate hue vidveshamay vatavaran se balak pharid shuroo se hi ganbhir, dridhanishchayi aur atmanirbhar hone laga. yadyapi naranaul se sahasaram aur khavasapur pahuanchakar tatha vahaan b di jagir pa jane se hasan khan ka darja badh gaya tha, tathapi pharid aur nijam tatha inaki mata ke prati hasan ke vyavahar mean avanati hi hoti gee. bar-bete ka sanbandh din par din big data hi gaya. pharid rusht hokar jaunapur chala gaya aur svayan jamal khan ki seva mean upasthit ho gaya. jab hasan khan ko pata chala ki pharid jaunapur chala gaya hai tab use yah bhay hua ki kahian vah jamal khan se meri shikayat n kar de. atah usane jamal khan ko patr likha ki pharid mujhase rusht hokar apake pas chala gaya hai. kripaya use manakar mere pas bhej dene ka kasht karean. yadi vah apake kahane par bhi ghar vapas ane ke lie taiyar n ho to ap use apani seva mean rakhakar usake lie dharmik achar shastr ki shiksha ka prabandh karane ki anukanpa karean. (pustak sandarbh 'sherashah soori' lekhak 'vidya bhaskar')

shri kalikaranjan kanoonago ne likha hai :- ‘‘bachapan mean usane sahity ka jo adhyayan kiya usane us sainik jivan ke marg se use prithak kar diya jisapar shivaji, haidarali aur ranajitasianh jaise nirakshan vir sadharan paristhiti se ooanche uthakar raja ki maryada prapt kar lete haian. bharat ke itihas mean hamean doosara koee vyakti nahian milata jo apane praranbhik jivan mean sainik rahe bina hi ek rajy ki nianv dalane mean samarth hua ho.’’

sherashah 5 varsh tak hi shasan kar saka. us tho de kal mean hi usane apani yogyata aur prabandh−kushalata ka sikka jama diya tha. 22 mee, sanh 1545 mean kalianjar ke durg ki gherabandi karate hue baroodakhane mean ag lag jane se usaki akal mrityu ho gee thi.

sherashah soor ke nirman kary

thumb|200px|sherashah soori ka maqabara, sasaram bihar sherashah soori humayooan ko parajit kar badashah bana. usake nirman karyoan mean s dakoan, sarayoan evan masjidoan adi ka banaya jana prasiddh hai. vah pahala muslim shasak tha, jisane yatayat ki uttam vyavastha ki aur yatriyoan evan vyapariyoan ki suraksha ka santoshajanak prabandh kiya. usane bangal ke sonagaanv se lekar panjab mean siandhu nadi tak, agara se rajasthan aur malava tak pakki s dakean banavaee thian. s dakoan ke kinare chhayadar evan phal vale vriksh lagaye gaye the, aur jagah-jagah par saray, masjid aur kuoan ka nirman karaya gaya tha. brajamandal ke chaumuhaan gaanv ki saray aur chhata gaanv ki saray ka bhitari bhag usi ke dvara nirmit haian. dilli mean usane shahar panah banavaya tha, jo aj vahaan ka 'lal daravaja' hai. dilli ka 'purana qila' bhi usi ke dvara banavaya mana jata hai.

sherashah ki upadhi

1539 ee. mean chausa ke yuddh mean humayooan ko hara sher khaan ne sherashah ki upadhi li. 1540 ee. mean sherashah ne humayooan ko dobara harakar rajasianhasan par baitha. sherashah ka 10 joon, 1540 ko agara mean vidhivat rajyabhishek hua. usake bad 1540 ee. mean lahaur par adhikar kar liya. bad mean khvas khaan aur haibat khaan ne poore panjab par adhikar kar liya. phalatah sherashah ne bharat mean punah dvitiy aphagan samrajy ki sthapana ki. itihas mean ise 'sooravansh' ke nam se jana jata hai. sianhasan par baithate samay sherashah 68 varsh ka ho chuka tha aur 5 varsh tak shasan sambhalane ke bad mee 1545 ee. mean usaki mrityu ho gee.

malikamuhammad jayasi, pharishta aur badaanyooni ne sherashah ke shasan ki b di prashansa ki hai. badaanyooni ne likha hai- bangal se panjab tak, tatha agara se malava tak, s dak par donoan or chhaya ke lie phal vale vriksh lagaye gaye the. kos−kos par ek saray, ek masjid aur kuane ka nirman kiya tha. masjid mean ek inam aur ajan dene vala ek mulla tha. nirdhan yatriyoan ka bhojan banane ke lie ek hindoo aur musalaman naukar tha. 'prabandh ki yah vyavastha thi ki bilkul ashakt buddha asharphiyoan ka thal hath par liye chala jay aur jahaan chahe vahaan p da rahe. chor ya lutere ki majal nahian ki aankh bhar kar usaki or dekh sake'.

maqabara

banaras-kolakata rod par sasaram sherashah soori ka shahar tha. yahian usane apane jite ji apana maqabara banavana shuru kar diya tha. makabara pattharoan se bana hai. makabare ke sabase oopari sire se poora sasaram saph dikhaee deta hai.