चित्रकला
atmabhivyakti manav ki prakritik pravriti hai. apane aandar ke bhav prakat kie bina vah rah nahian sakata. aur, bhavoan ka adhar hota hai, manushy ka parivesh. vidvanoan ki manyata hai ki adim kal mean jab bhasha aur lipi-chinhoan ka avirbhav nahian hua tha, rekhaoan ke sanket se hi vyakti svayan ko abhivyakt karata tha. guphaoan ke aandar aj jo shilachitr milate haian, ve hi chitrakala ke adi praman haian. tab ka manavajivan pashuoan adi ke adhik nikat tha, jivan ke any paksh abhi vikasit hone the, isalie tatkalin bharatiy chitraankan bhi itane tak hi simit milata hai.
bharat ki chitrakala
kiantu sabhyata ke vikas ke sath paristhitiyaan badalati gee. bharat, dharm aur adhyatm ki or akrisht hua. yahaan bahy sauandary ki apeksha aantarik bhavoan ko pradhanata di gee. isalie bharat ki chitrakala mean bhav-bhangima, mudra tatha aangapratyangoan ke akarshan ke aandar se bhavapaksh adhik spasht ubharakar samane aya.
kalaantar mean rajanitik karanoan se bharat ki chitrakala par grik kala ka prabhav p da. phir aya bharatiy sanskriti ka svarn yug. is yug ki chitrakala ki sarvottam kritiyaan haian- ajanta ke chitr, devi-devataoan ki moortiyaan adi jinako dekhakar log ashcharyachakit rah jate haian.
islam dharm chitrakala ke prati udasin hi nahian varan varjana-bhavavala raha hai. isalie muslim shasan ke aranbhik kal mean bharatiy chitrakala ka vikas rook-sa gaya. kiantu akabar ke samay mean isamean parivartan hua. dharmagranthoan ke alankaran ke roop mean chitrakala phir panapane lagi. sath hi farasi shaili ka bhi us par prabhav p da. mugal shasan ke avasan ke bad yah chitrakala deshi rajyoan tak simit rah gee. isi bich rajasthani shaili, kaang da ya paha di shaili ke chitr bane. rag-raganiyoan ke chitroan ke nirman ka bhi yahi samay hai. aangrez yatharthavadi bhautik sanskriti lekar bharat ae. unaki chitrakala bahy ko hi yathavat utarati hai. isaka prabhav bharat ke chitrakaroan par bhi p da. ravi varma (1848-1905 ee.) ke chitr isake praman haian.
isake bad bharat ke navajagaran se prabhavit chitrakala ka naya roop samane aya. isake mukhy pravartak rahe haian- avanindranath thakur, nandalal vasu, ravindranath thakur, yamini ray, asit haladar, amrita sheragil adi. is yug se kala rajapootana ya kaang da shaili ke nakh-shikh chitran se hatakar rang aur rekhaoan ke madhyam se bhavanaoan ko vyakt karane ki or abhimukh huee aur aj ke bharatiy chitrakaroan ki kritiyaan is prayogavadi shaili se prabhavit haian. vartaman samay mean abhivyakti aur alankaran ke adhar par chitrakala do mote bhagoan mean baanti jati hai- 'phain art' jisamean bhavabhivyakti ki pradhanata hai aur 'kamarshiyal art' jo alankaran pradhan hai.
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