होमी जहाँगीर भाभा
d aauktar homi jahaangir bhabha / Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha
(October 30, 1909 – January 24, 1966)
aj se karib 50 sal pahale jab homi jahaangir bhabha 29 varsh ke the aur upalabdhiyoan se bhare 13 varsh ianglaiand mean bita chuke tha. us samay 'kaimbrij vishvavidyalay' bhautik shastr ke kshetr mean sarvashreshth sthan mana jata tha. vahaan par shri bhabha keval padhaee hi nahian balki kary bhi karane lage the. jab anusandhan ke kshetr mean shri bhabha ke upalabdhiyoan bhare varsh the tabhi svadesh lautane ka avasar unhean mila. shri bhabha ne apane vatan bharat mean rahakar hi kary karane ka nirnay liya. unake man mean apane desh mean vijnan aur praudyogiki ke kshetr mean ek kraanti lane ka junoon tha. yah d aau. bhabha ke prayasoan ka hi pratiphal hai ki aj vishv ke sabhi vikasit desh bharat ke nabhikiy vaijnanikoan ki pratibha evan kshamata ka loha mana jata hai.
parichay
homi jahaangir bhabha ka janm mumbee ke ek sampann parasi parivar mean 30 aktoobar 1909 ko hua tha. unake pita je. ech. bhabha banbee ke ek pratishthit bairistar the. aj bharat mean lagabhag do lakh parasi haian. eesa ki satavian shatabdi mean islam ne jab eeran par kabja kar liya, to apane dharm ki raksha ke lie tamam parasi parivar bhagakar bharat a ge the. tab se ye bharat mean hi haian aur bharat ko hi apana vatan manate haian. parasi samaj ne b de yogy vyaktiyoan ko janm diya hai.
shiksha
d aau. bhabha padhaee mean bachapan se hi bahut tej the. 15 varsh ki ayu mean hi unhoanne mumbee ke ek haeeskool se siniyar kaimbrij ki pariksha sammanapoorvak pas ki aur bad mean uchch shiksha ke lie 'kaimbrij vishvavidyalay' ge. vahaan bhi unhoanne apani asadharan pratibha ka parichay diya.
d aau. bhabha jab kaimbrij mean adhyayan aur anusandhan kary kar rahe the aur chhuttiyoan mean bharat ae hue the tabhi sitambar 1939 mean dvitiy vishv yuddh chhi d gaya. is samay hitalar poore yoorop par teji se kabja karata ja raha tha aur ianglaiand par hamala sunishchit dikhaee de raha tha. ianglaiand ke adhikaansh vaijnanik yuddh ke liye sakriy ho ge aur poorvi yoorop mean maulik anusandhan lagabhag thapp ho gaya. aisi paristhiti mean ianglaiand jakar anusandhan jari rakhana d aau. bhabha ke lie sanbhav nahian tha. d aau. bhabha ke samane yah prashn tha ki ve bharat mean kya karean? unaki prakhar pratibha se parichit kuchh vishvavidyalayoan ne unhean adhyapan kary ke liye amantrit kiya. aantatah d aau. bhabha ne 'bharatiy vijnan sansthan' (IISc) baiangalor ko chuna jahaan ve bhautik shastr vibhag ke pradhyapak ke pad par rahe. yah unake jivan ka mahatvapoorn parivartan tha. d aau. bhabha ko unake karyoan mean sahayata ke lie 'sar dorab ji tata trast' ne ek chhoti-si rashi bhi anumodit ki thi. d aau. bhabha ke lie kaimbrij ki tulana mean baiangalor mean kam karana mushkil tha. kaimbrij mean ve saralata se apane varishth logoan se sambandh bana lete the parantu baiangalor mean yah unake lie chunautipoorn tha. unhoanne apana anusandhan kary jari rakha aur dhire-dhire bharatiy sahayogiyoan se sanpark bhi banana shuroo kiya. un dinoan 'bharatiy vijnan sansthan', baiangalor mean 'sar si. vi. raman' bhautik shastr vibhag ke pramukh the. sar raman ne d aau. bhabha ko shuroo se hi pasand kiya aur d aau. bhabha ko 'phailo aph rayal sosayati' (FRS) mean chayan hetu madad ki.
vaijnanik kraanti ke lie prayatn
baiangalor mean d aau. bhabha k aausmik kiranoan ke hard kamponeant par utkrisht anusandhan kary kar rahe the, kiantu ve desh mean vijnan ki unnati ke bare mean bahut chiantit the. unhean chianta thi ki kya bharat us gati se unnati kar raha hai jisaki use jaroorat hai? desh mean vaijnanik kraanti ke lie baiangalor ka sansthan paryapt nahian tha. d aau. bhabha ne nabhikiy vijnan ke kshetr mean vishisht anusandhan ke lie ek alag sansthan banane ka vichar banaya aur sar dorab ji tata trast se madad maangi. yah sampoorn bharatavarsh ke lie vaijnanik chetana evan vikas ka nirnayak mo d tha.
tata ianstityoot aph phandameantal risarch ki sthapana
- san 1945 mean dvitiy vishvayuddh ki samapti ke bad duniya bhar ke vaijnanik apane anusandhanoan ko poora karane mean jut ge.
- 1 joon 1945 ko d aau. bhabha dvara prastavit 'tata ianstityoot aph phandameantal risarch (TIFR)' ki ek chhoti-si ikaee ka shriganesh hua.
- 6 mahine bad hi bhabha ji ne ise mumbee mean sthanaantarit karane ka vichar kiya. is ne sansthan ke lie imarat ki vyavastha ki samasya thi ? us samay sansthan ke nam par 'tata trast' se 45,000 roopaye, maharashtr sarakar se 25,000 roopaye tatha bharat sarakar dvara 10,000 roopaye prativarsh ki dhanarashi nirdharit ki gee thi.
- d aau. bhabha ne pedar rod mean 'kenilavarth' ki ek imarat ka adha hissa kiraye par liya. yah imarat unaki chachi shrimati kuanvar paandya ki thi. sanyogavash d aau. bhabha ka janm bhi isi imarat mean hua tha. TIFR ne us samay is imarat ke kirae ke roop mean har mahine 200 rupaye dena tay kiya tha. un dinoan yah sansthan kaphi chhota tha. karmachariyoan ke lie chay ki dukan sansthan se lagabhag ek kilomitar ki doori par thi. shrimati paandaya ne karmachariyoan ki chay apani rasoee mean hi banane ki ijajat de di. vah apane priy bhatije d aau. bhabha ko apane hathoan se chay banakar pilaya karatian thian. aj us do manjili purani imarat ki jagah ek bahumanjili imarat ne le li hai, jo ab mukhyatah 'bhabha paramanu anusandhan keandr' ke adhikariyoan ka nivas sthan hai.
- yah durbhagyapoorn hai ki vishv ne paramanu oorja ke svaroop dvitiy vishvayuddh mean hiroshima evan nagasaki shaharoan par bam girane par jana. logoan ke man mean dar baith gaya ki paramanu oorja aur paramanu bam ek hi haian, kintu d aau. bhabha ne paramanu oorja ke janahit prayog ko pahale hi jan liya tha. d aau. bhabha ki dooradarshita ka hi parinam tha ki svatantrata poorv hi unhoanne neharoo ji ka dhyan is or akarshit kar liya tha ki svatantr bharat mean kis tarah paramanu oorja upayogi siddh hogi.
kenilavarth se getave aauph iandiya ke pas
san 1949 tak kenilavarth ka sansthan chhota p dane laga. atah is sansthan ko prasiddh 'get ve aauph iandiya' ke pas ek imarat mean sthanaantarit kar diya gaya, jo us samay 'rayal bambe y aaut klab' ke adhin thi. sansthan ka kuchh kary tab bhi kenilavarth mean kee varshoan tak chalata raha. aj 'paramanu oorja ayog' ka karyalay 'get ve aauph iandiya' ke pas isi imarat 'anushakti bhavan' mean karyarat hai jo 'old y aaut klab' (OYC) ke nam se jana jata hai. sansthan ka kary itani teji se age badhane laga tha ki 'old y aaut klab' bhi jaldi hi chhota p dane laga. d aau. bhabha punah sthan ki talash mean lag ge. ab vah aisi jagah chahate the jahaan sansthan ki sthayi imarat banayi ja sake. d aau॰ bhabha ki nazar kolaba ke ek bahut b de bhookhand par p di jisaka adhikaansh hissa raksha mantralay ke adhin tha. kolaba ka yah kshetr karib 25,000 varg mitar ke kshetraphal mean phaila hua tha. dvitiy vishvayuddh ke samay ki anek chhavaniyoan se ghire is ilake ke bich ek anusandhan dal pahuanch gaya.
vaijnanik aur prashasanik jimmedariyaan
d aau. bhabha ne apani vaijnanik aur prashasanik jimmedariyoan ke sath-sath TIFR ki sthayi imarat ki bhi zimmedari uthayi. bhabha ne ise vishv ke sarvashreshth sansthanoan mean kh da karane ka sapana dekha. unhoanne amerika ke jane-mane vastukar ko isaki yojana banane ke liye amantrit kiya. is imarat ka shilanyas 1954 mean neharoo ji ne kiya. d aau. bhabha ne imarat nirman ke har pahaloo par bariki se dhyan diya. aantatah 1962 mean is imarat ka udghatan neharoo ji ke kar kamaloan dvara hua.
akasmat nidhan
san 1966 mean d aau. bhabha ke akasmat nidhan se desh ko gahara aghat pahuancha. unake dvara dali gee majaboot nianv ke karan hi unake bad bhi desh mean paramanu oorja karyakram anavarat vikas ke marg par agrasar hai. d aau. bhabha ke utkrisht karyoan ke samman svaroop tatkalin pradhanamantri shrimati iandira gaandhi ji ne paramanu oorja sansthan, tr aaumbe (AEET) ko d aau. bhabha ke nam par 'bhabha paramanu anusandhan keandr' nam diya. aj yah anusandhan kendr bharat ka gaurav hai aur vishv-star par paramanu oorja ke vikas mean pathapradarshak ho raha hai.