एक्यूपंक्चर
thumb|ekyoopankchar (chini chikitsa paddhati) ekyoopankchar (aangrezi: Accupuncture) dard nivaran, rogoan ke upachar aur samany svasthy ke sudhar hetu prayukt prachin chini chikitsa paddhati hai. isaka pradurbhav chin mean 2500 ee.poo. hua aur 20vian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean yah paddhati sansar ke kee kshetroan mean prayukt hone lagi. ekyoopankchar mean sharir ke vishisht bianduoan par cham di mean ya usake niche ke ootakoan mean dhatu ki ek ya kee mean nirmit hota hai.
itihas
ekyoopankchar prachin chini darshan mean yin aur yaang ke dvaitavadi srishti siddhaant se udbhoot hai. yin arthath stri tattv, nishkriy aur gahare rang ka hai tatha prithvi usaka pratik hai; yaang purush tattv hai, jo kriyashil v shvet hai aur asaman usaka pratik hai. yin aur yaang ki shaktiyaan manav ke sharir mean usi prakar kriyashil rahati haian, jaisi vah sanpoorn brahmaand mean sakriy haian. rog ya sharirik asamanjasyata in do shaktiyoan ke asantulan se ya sharir mean inake atiprabhav se utpann hoti haian. chini chikitsa vidhi ka uddeshy yin aur yaang ko pun: santulan mean lana hai, taki vyakti ko phir se svasth banaya ja sake.
ekyoopankchar ka lakshy
yin aur yaang mean asantulan jivan-shakti mean badha utpann karata hai ya sharir ki chi mean avarodh paida karata hai. chi ki adharabhoot oorja sharir mean 12 yamyottar rekhaoan ya margoan se pravahit hoti hai aur pratyek marg mukhy aantr aanbandhi aangoan (yakrit, gurde aur any aangoan) se ju da hai aur sath hi kriyatmak sharirik pranali se bhi sanbaddh hai. ekyoopankchar ka lakshy yin aur yaang ke vitaran ko is prakar prabhavit karana hai ki chi ki pravah nirbadh aur samanvit ho jae.
suee chubhane ki prakriya
vastavik prakriya ke tahat ekyoopankchar chikitsa mean un saik doan bianduoan mean se kisi mean suiyaan chubhana shamil hai, jo 12 mool yamyottar rekhaoan tatha anek vishisht pravah margoan par sthit haian. upayog mean laee jane vali suiyaan tir ki nok jaise ya bahut sookshm nok vali hoti haian. samany chubhav tin se das mimi gaharaee tak hota hai; kisi-kisi prakriya mean 25 mimi tak jana jana p d sakata hai. ek bar chubhane ke bad suee ko ghumaya ya maro da ja sakata hai athava prayog ke dauran kam voltej ki pratyavarti vidyut dhara se jo da ja sakata hai. ekyoopankchar chikitsak aksar suiyoan ko us biandu se kafi door chubhate haian, jahaan unhean prabhav dalana hai; udaharan ke lie, aangoothe mean chubhaee gee suee se udar ka dard door hona chahie. isi tarah, ek vishesh yamyottar rekha ke ek-doosare se door vibhinn bianduoan par chubhaee gee suiyaan vibhinn kshetroan ya bimariyoan par asar karati haian; udaharan ke lie, pheph de ke yin rekhaansh ke pahale chhah biandu, mukhyat: jo doan ki soojan, jo doan mean atyadhik tap, nak se khoon bahane, hriday mean dard, manasik avasad tatha sir ke oopar baanh phailane ki asamarthata ke upachar ke lie haian. vibhinn bianduoan ko bhali prakar samajhane aur yad karane ke lie anek rekhachitroan aur m aaudaloan ki sahayata li jati hai.
ekyoopankchar kisi bhi prakar se dard nivaran mean prabhavi pratit hota hai aur chin mean ise samany: shalyakriya ke dauran nishchetak ke roop mean prayog kiya jata hai. pashchimi prekshakoan ne poorn sachet chini rogiyoan ko keval ekyoopankchar dvara sthan vishesh ko sanjna shoony karake sanpann ki ja rahi atyant kathin (aur amataur par bahut dard bhari) shalyakriya ko dekha hai. is vishay mean ekyoopankchar ki prabhavashilata ko samajhane ke lie kee siddhaant pratipadit kie ge haian. ek kalpana yah hai ki suee chubhae jane par sharir mean eandorafians ya enakefelians jaise prakritik svapad (dard nivarak rasayan) uttejit hote haian. any logoan ki manyata hai ki ekyoopankcharajanit uttejana keandriy snayu pranali ko tivrata sanpreshit kar kuchh snayuviy dvaroan ko band kar deti hai, jo sharir ke doosare bhagoan se dard ke bhav ya chetana ka sanvahan karate haian. is paddhati ka adhyayan karane vale kuchh pashchaty paryavekshakoan ka manana hai ki ekyoopankchar ke dard nivaran ka prakar spashtat: pi da shoony ya mrit kar dene jaisa hai, phir bhi usaki prabhavashilata se inakar nahian kiya ja sakata. aise dave ki ekyoopankchar se vastav mean rogoan ka ilaj kiya ja sakata hai, tarkik chikitsakiy pranali ke viruddh hai aur pashchaty chikitsakiy anusandhanoan dvara abhi isaki pushti baqi hai.
ekyoopankchar ka udbhav
ekyoopankchar ke praranbh ki janakari itihas ke aandhare mean hai. kianvadanti ke anusar, shatabdiyoan pahale ek chini sipahi ka kandha ak dakar pi dadayak ho gaya. vah apane chikitsak ke pas gaya, jo bharapoor prayatn ke bad bhi kuchh n kar paya. tab us sipahi ne dard ke sath hi jine ka nishchay kiya. ek din ek l daee ke dauran chamatkar hua. usake pair mean ghav laga aur achanak kee varshoan se ak da hua kashtadayak kandha asani se tatha bina pi da ke hilane-dulane laga.
jab sipahi apane gaanv lauta, to usane apane chikitsak ko bataya ki kis prakar usaka ak da hua kandha chamatkarik dhang se thik ho gaya. chikitsak ne usake pairoan ki gahan jaanch ki, par vah yah nahian samajh paya ki pair mean tir lagane se kandha kaise thik ho gaya. ek doosara mariz kandhe ki ak dan ke ilaz ke lie chikitsak ke pas baitha tha. kahani sunakar usane chikitsak se kaha ki kripaya yahi ilaz mujh par bhi azamaie. chikitsak ne apale to ise moorkhatapoorn vichar mana, lekin chooanki vah kee mahinoan se us mariz ka ilaz bina saphalata pae kar raha tha, isalie usane yah prayog azamane ka nishchay kiya. usane ek tir liya aur savadhani se use marij ke pair mean chubhaya, lagabhag usi jagah par, jahaan us sipahi ko tir ka ghav laga tha aur sachamuch chamatkar hua, mariz ke kandhe ka dard gayab ho gaya. kuchh hi minatoan mean mariz apane kandhe ko nirbadh roop se aur bina kisi pi da ke hila-dula raha tha. chooanki yah ilaj sanbhavanaoan se bhara dikhaee diya, isalie jab bhi koee mariz ak de kandhe ke sath aya, chikitsak ne usake pair mean tir chubhaya. jald hi chikitsak ak de kandhoan ke ilaj ke lie desh bhar mean prasiddh ho gaya. jaise-jaise usaka kam badha, usane isi siddhaant par any bimariyoan ke ilaj ke bare mean sochana shuroo kiya. usane apane marizoan se poochhatachh shuroo ki ki kya unhoanne kabhi isi prakar ke akasmik chamatkari rog-shaman ka anubhav kiya hai. dhire-dhire usane paya ki sharir ke kuchh bhagoan mean lagane vali chot sharir ke any bhagoan ke rogoan par anukool prabhav dalati hai. halaanki usaka ilaj bahut prabhavi tha, parantu kee mariz tir chubhane vale chikitsak ke pas jane mean ghabarate the.
samay bitane ke sath-sath ekyoopankchar bianduoan ko ukasane ki any vidhiyaan khoji geean aur tiroan ki jagah suiyoan ka istemal hone laga. is praranbhik akasmik ghatana ko dhire-dhire ekyoopankchar ki kala mean vikasit kiya gaya. aj lezarapankchar se bina dard ke, shuddh prakash ki kiran se vahi prabhav utpann kiya jata hai, jo kabhi isake adipurush tir se karate the.
bharat mean ekyoopankchar
bharat mean sadiyoan se ayurved ke ek bhag ke roop mean ekyoopankchar ka prayog hota aya hai. bharatiy graminoan ko sharir ke any bhagoan mean rogoan ke lie kanoan mean nirdharit bianduoan par baliyaan pahane dekhana ek samany bat hai. kee graminoan ke pet par ghav ke nishan dikhaee dete haian, jo sharir ke us kshetr mean dard ka ilaj karane ke lie lohe se dagane ke chihn haian. yah ek prakar ka tap upachar hai, jisaka udbhav chin mean hua tha.
sadiyoan se chin aur bharat ke bich vicharoan, darshan tatha sahity ka bhari adan-pradan hota raha hai. bharat se chin ki or yatri evan vidvanh shiksha ke prasar ke lie jate rahe aur chin se tirthayatri bauddh mathoan vishvavidyalayoan mean adhyayan ke lie ate rahe. isase kuchh bharatiyoan aur japaniyoan mean yah dharana bani ki ekyoopankchar ka udbhav bharat mean hua aur bad mean chin mean phaila.
bharat mean ayurved chikitsa ki ek prabhavi tatha vikasit pranali thi aur ekyoopankchar ka prayog keval unhian rogoan ke upachar ke lie kiya jata tha, jin par ayurvedik ilaj karagar nahian hota tha. chooanki bharat mean asankhy j di-bootiyaan upalabdh thian, jo vibhinn rogoan ke ilaj mean bahut prabhavashali thian, isalie ekyoopankchar ka prachalan bharat mean utana vistrit nahian tha, jitana chin ke kuchh bhagoan mean. jaisa pahale bataya gaya hai, pashchimottar chin mean bahut kam aushadhiy vanaspatiyaan upalabdh thian, at: paranparik chikitsakoan ne vahaan ekyoopankchar ko kafi unnat vijnan ke roop mean vikasit kiya. british shasan ki sthapana ke sath pashchaty chikitsa paddhati ko badhava die jane ke karan ekyoopankchar ki kala adhikaandhat: lupt ho gee. keval kuchh gramin chikitsak katipay 'prabhavi bianduoan' ke adharabhoot jnan ke adhar par isaka prayog karate the. yah paddhati pita se putr ko hastaantarit hoti rahi. hal ke varshoan mean sansar bhar mean is jnan ke prasar se logoan mean ekyoopankchar mean ruchi phir se jagrit huee hai, aisa isalie hua, kyoanki yah paddhati anek rogoan ke ilaj mean asaradar hai. adhunik vaijnanik yantroan, jaise lezar aur paradhvani (altrasauand) ke agaman se ekikaran aur ekyoopankchar chikitsakoan dvara unake prayog se prachin chini paddhati ka adhunik takatik se ekikaran hua, jisake parinamasvaroop hamean ek aisa vijnan mila hai, jo asaradar bhi hai aur adhunik bhi.
ailopaithi, homiyopaithi aur ayurved ke saman hi ekyoopankchar bhi chikitsa ki ek sanpoorn paddhati hai. any chikitsa paddhatiyoan ke saman hi isamean lagabhag har bimari ka ilaj hai aur doosari paddhatiyoan ke saman hi yah kuchh bimariyoan ke ilaj mean atyadhik karagar hai aur kuchh mean nahian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- pustak- bharat jnanakosh khand-1 | prishth sankhya- 252| prakashak- ensaklopidiya britainika, nee dilli
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh