लघु उद्योग

[[chitr:Shawl-Weavers-Kashmir.jpg|thumb|250px|sh aaul bunate hue karigar, kashmir]] laghu udyog evan kutir udyog ka bharatiy arthavyavastha mean atyant mahattvapoorn sthan raha hai. prachin kal se hi bharat ke laghu v kutir udyogoan mean uttam gunavatta vali vastuoan ka utpadan hota raha hai. yadyapi british shasan mean any bharatiy udyogoan ke saman is kshetr ka bhi bhari hras hua tha, parantu svatantrata ke pashchath isaka atyadhik tivr gati se vikas hua hai. sarakar ne samay-samay par laghu tatha kutir udyogoan ki paribhasha ki hai. laghu udyog ve udyog haian jo chhote paimane par kiye jate haian tatha samany roop se mazadooroan v shramikoan ki sahayata se mukhy dhandhe ke roop mean chalae jate haian. ve udyog jinamean 10 se 50 log mazadoori ke badale mean kam karate ho, laghu udyog ke aantargat ate haian. laghu udyog ek audyogik upakram haian jisamean nivesh sanyantr evan mashinari mean niyat parisan‍patti hoti hai. yah nivesh sima sarakar dvara samay-samay par badalata rahata hai. laghu udyog mean mal bahar se mangaya jata hai aur takaniki kushalata ko bhi bahar se prapt kiya ja sakata hai.

purani paribhasha

laghu udyog

laghu udyog ikaee aisa audyogik upakram hai jahaan sanyantr evan mashinari mean nivesh 1 karo d rupe se adhik n ho, kintu kuchh mad jaise ki haujari, hast-aujar, davaiyoan v aushadhi, lekhan samagri madean aur khelakood ka saman adi mean nivesh ki sima 5 karo d ru. tak thi. laghu udyog shreni ko naya nam laghu udyam diya gaya hai.

majhaule udyam

aisi ikaee jahaan sanyantr aur mashinari mean nivesh laghu udyog ki sima se adhik kiantu 10 karo d ru. tak ho, majhaula udyam kaha jata hai.

sanshodhit paribhasha

2 aktoobar, 2006 se prabhavi chhote, laghu evan majhaule upakram vikas adhiniyam, 2006 udyamoan ke lie tin staroan arthat chhote, laghu evan majhaule ke ekikaran ke lie apani tarah ki pahali qanooni rooparekha vihit karata hai. sanshodhit paribhasha ke aantargat udyamoan ko mukhy roop se do shreniyoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai jaise:-

• vinirman
• sevaean

in donoan shreniyoan ko isake atirikt sanyantr evan mashinoan mean nivesh athava upaskaroan ke adhar par chhote, laghu evan majhaule udyamoan ke roop mean vargikrit kiya gaya hai.

vinirman udyam

vastuoan ka utpadan, sansadhan athava sanrakshan karane vale udyam vinirman udyam ke aantargat ate haian jo nimnalikhit haian:-

chhote udyam - chhote udyam aise udyam hai jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 25 lakh ru. se adhik n ho.

laghu udyam - laghu udyam aise udyam hai jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 25 lakh ru. se adhik ho kiantu 5 karo d ru. se adhik n ho.

majhaula udyam - majhaule udyam aise udyam hai jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 5 karo d ru. se adhik ho kiantu 10 karo d ru. se adhik n ho.

seva udyam

sevaean pradan karane vale athava seva karane vale udyam jahaan upakaranoan mean nivesh nimnanusar ho:-

chhote udyam - jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 10 lakh ru. se adhik n ho .

laghu udyam - jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 10 lakh ru. se adhik ho kiantu 2 karo d se adhik n ho.

majhaula udyam - aisa udyam hai jahaan sanyantr v mashinari mean mool nivesh 2 karo d ru. se adhik ho kiantu 5 karo d ru. se adhik n ho.

panjikaran

laghu udyog kshetr mean udyami ko desh ke kisi bhi bhag mean yoonit ki sh‍thapana karane ke lie keandriy sarakar ya rajh‍y sarakar se laiseans praph‍t karane ki avashh‍yakata nahian hoti haian. laghu yoonitoan ka panjikaran bhi anivary nahian hai. paranh‍tu isaka rajh‍y nideshalay ya udyog ayukh‍t ya diaeesi mean panjikaran yoonit ko vibhinh‍n prakar ki sarakari sahayata lene ke lie arhak banata hai jaise udyog vibhag se vith‍tiy sahayata, rajh‍y vith‍t nigam se aur anh‍y vanijyik baiankoan se madhh‍yakalin aur dirghakalin rrin rashh‍triy laghu udyog nigam se kiraya kharid ke adhar par mashinari adi. laghu udyogoan ke sanvardhan ke lie vishesh yojanaoan jaise rrin garanti yojana, pooanji arthik sahayata, chunianda madoan par kam sima shulh‍k, aeeeso 9000 pramanapatr pratipoorti evan rajh‍y sarakar dvara die jane vale anekanek doosare labhoan ka labh praph‍t karane ke lie panjikaran bhi anivary roop se avashh‍yak hai.

laghu udyog mantralay

desh mean laghu udyogoan ki vriddhi aur vikas ke lie nodal ejeansi ke roop mean kary karata hai. laghu udyogoan ka sanvardhan karane ke lie mantralay nitiyaan banata hai aur unh‍hean kriyanvit karata hai v unaki pratish‍pardha badhata hai. isaki sahayata vibhinn sarvajanik kshetr ke udyam karate haian, jaise :-

• laghu udyog vikas sangathan (esaeedio) apani niti ka nirman karane aur karyanh‍vayan ka paryavekshan karane, karyakram, pariyojana, yojanaean banane mean sarakar ko sahayata karane vale shirsh nikay hai.
• rashtriy laghu udyog nigam limited (enesaeesi) ki sh‍thapana sarakar dvara desh mean laghu udyogoan ka sanvardhan, sahayata aur poshan karane ki drishti se ki gee thi jisaka sankenh‍dran unake karyoan ke vanijyik pahaluoan par tha.
• mantralay ne tin rashh‍triy udyam vikas sansh‍thanoan ki sh‍thapana ki hai jo prashikshan kendr, upakram anusandhan aur laghu udyog ke kshetr mean udyam vikas ke lie prashikshan aur paramarsh sevaean mean lagi huee haian. ye is prakar haian :-
  • haidarabad mean rashh‍triy laghu udyog vish‍tar prashikshan sansh‍than (enaeeesaeeeeti)
  • noeda mean rashh‍triy udyam evan laghu vyavasay vikas sansh‍than (enaeeeeesabiyoodi)
  • guvahati mean bharatiy udyam sansh‍than (aeeaeeee)
• asan‍gathit kshetr mean rashh‍triy udyam ayog (enasieeyooes) ka gathan asangathit kshetr mean udyamoan ki samash‍yaoan ki jaanch karana anivary banane aur unase nijat pane ke upay sujhane ki drishti se kiya gaya hai.
• bharatiy laghu udyog vikas baiank (esaeedibiaee) vibhinh‍n rrin yojanaoan ke madhh‍yam se laghu udyogoan ka vith‍t poshan karane ke lie shirsh sansh‍tha ke roop mean kary karata hai.

karadhan se sanbandhit pravadhan

bharat jaise vikasashil desh mean desh ke arthik vikas mean laghu udyogoan ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika hai. desh ka audyogik uth‍padan, niryat, rozagar aur udyam sanbandhi adhar srijan mean lie unake yogadan ke adhar par bharatiy arthavh‍yavash‍tha ke mahattvapoorn khanh‍d haian. mote taur par ye udyog arthavh‍yavash‍tha ke paramh‍parik avash‍tha se praudyogikiy avash‍tha mean paragaman ko pradarshit karate haian. udyam adhar ke vish‍tar ke lie laghu udyog mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhate haian. laghu udyogoan ka vikas udyog ke vish‍trit adhar ka sh‍vamith‍v praph‍t karane, udyam ka apavish‍tar aur audyogik kshetr mean pahal karane ke lie saral aur prabhavi sadhan pradan karata hai. unake mahattv ke karan pahali panchavarshiy yojana se hi sarakari niti dhaancha ne bharat ke samagr arthik vikas mean karyaniti mahattv ko dhh‍yan mean rakhate hue laghu udyog kshetr ke vikas ke lie avashh‍yakata par vishesh bal diya hai. tadanusar laghu udyogoan ke lie sarakar se niti samarthan ki pravritti laghu udyam varg ke vikas hetu sahayak aur anukool rahi hai. sarakar upayukh‍t nitiyaan banakar aur kriyanvit karane evan sanvardhanath‍mak yojanaoan ke jarie laghu udyogoan ke vikas ko sabase adhik tarajih deti hai. laghu udyogoan ke lie sarakar ki sabase mahattvapoorn sanvardhanath‍mak niti kar riyayat aur uth‍padoan evan labhoan par lagae ge prath‍yaksh ya aprath‍yaksh kar se chhoot dene ke roop mean rajakoshiy proth‍sahan hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• laghu udyog chartar
• laghu udyog sanbandhi chartar