शिमला समझौता

3 julaee 1972 ko bharat-pakistan yuddh ke bad shimala mean ek sandhi par hastakshar hue, jise shimala samajhauta kaha jata hai. isamean bharat ki taraph se iandira gaandhi aur pakistan ki taraph se julphikar ali bhutto shamil the. julphikar ali bhutto ne 20 disanbar, 1971 ko pakistan ke rashtrapati ka padabhar sanbhala. unhean virasat mean ek toota hua pakistan mila. satta sabhalate hi bhutto ne yah vada kiya ki vah shighr hi baangladesh ko phir se pakistan mean shamil kara leange. pakistani sena ke anek adhikariyoan ko, desh ki parajay ke lie uttaradayi man kar, barakhast kar diya gaya tha. kee mahine tak chalane vali rajanitik-star ki batachit ke bad joon, 1972 ke aant mean shimala mean bharat-pakistan shikhar baithak huee. iandira gadhi aur julphikar bhutto ne, apane uchchastariy mantriyoan aur adhikariyoan ke sath, un sabhi vishayoan par charcha ki, jo 1971 ke yuddh se utpann hue the. sath hi unhoanne donoan deshoan ke any prashnoan par bhi batachit ki. inamean mukh vishay the, yuddh bandiyoan ki adala-badali, pakistan dvara baangladesh ko manyata ka prashn, bharat aur pakistan ke rajanayik sanbandhoan ko samany banana, vyapar phir se shuroo karana aur kashmir mean niyantran rekha sthapit karana. lanbi batachit ke bad bhutto is bat ke lie sahamat hue ki bharat-pakistan sanbandhoan ko keval dvipakshiy batachit se tay kiya jaega. shimala samajhaute ke aant mean ek samajhaute par iandira gadhi aur julphikar ali bhutto ne hastakshar kie.

samajhaute ke mukhy biandu

isamean yah pravadhan kiya gaya ki donoan desh apane sangharsh aur vivad samapt karane ka prayas kareange, aur yah vachan diya gaya ki up-mahadvip mean sthaee mitrata ke lie kary kiya jaega.

sidhi bat kareange

in uddeshyoan ke lie iandira gadhi aur bhutto ne yah tay kiya ki donoan desh sabhi vivadoan aur samasyaoan ke shaantipoorn samadhan ke lie sidhi batachit kareange aur sthiti mean ekatarapha karravaee karake koee parivartan nahian kareange. ve ek doosare ke virudgh n to bal prayog kareange, n pradeshik akhandata ki avehalana kareange aur n ek doosare ki rajanitik svatantrata mean koee hastakshep kareange. donoan hi sarakarean ek doosare desh ke virudgh prachar ko rokeangi aur samacharoan ko protsahan deangi, jinase sanbandhoan mean mitrata ka vikas ho. donoan deshoan ke sanbandhoan ko samany banane ke lie sabhi sanchar sanbandh phir se sthapit kie jaeange.

avagaman ki suvidhaean

avagaman ki suvidhaean sthapit ki jaeangi taki donoan deshoan ke log asani se a-ja sakean aur ghanishth sanbandh sthapit kar sakean.

vyapar badhaeange

jahaan tak sanbhav hoga vyapar aur arthik sahayog shighr hi phir se sthapit kie jaeange.

sahayog kareange

vijnan aur sanskriti ke kshetr mean apasi adan-pradan ko protsahan diya jaega.

niyantran rekha

sthaee shaanti ke hit mean donoan sarakarean is bat ke lie sahamat huee ki bharat aur pakistan donoan ki senaean apane-apane pradeshoan mean vapas chali jaeangi. donoan deshoan ne 17 sitanbar, 1971 ki yuddh viram rekha ko niyantran rekha ke roop mean manyata di aur yah tay hua ki is samajhaute ke bis din ke aandar senaean apani-apani sima se pichhe chali jaeangi. yah tay kiya gaya ki bhavishy mean donoan sarakaroan ke adhyaksh milate raheange aur is bich apane sanbandh samany banane ke lie donoan deshoan ke adhikari batachit karate raheange.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah