स्त्रीधन

hindoo parivar ke pitrisattatmak hone ke karan dharmashastr ke anusar purush kulapati ke marane par uttaradhikar parivar ke purush sadasyoan ko prapt hota tha. unake abhav mean hi stri uttaradhikarini hoti thi. is avastha mean bhi usaka uttaradhikar badhit tha. vah sampatti ka keval upayog kar sakati thi; vah use bech athava parivar se alag nahian kar sakati thi. usake marane par pun: purush ko adhikar mil jata tha. vah ek prakar se sampatti ke uttaradhikar ka madhyam matr thi. parantu parivarik sampatti ko chho dakar usake pas ek any prakar ki sampatti hoti thi, jis par usaka poora adhikar tha. vah parivar ki paitrik sampatti se bhinn thi. use stridhan kahate the.

stridhan ke prakar

narad ke anusar stridhan chh: prakar ka hota hai-

adhyagnyabhyavahanikan bhartudayan tathaiv ch.
bhatridattan pitribhyaanch shadvidhan stridhanan smritamh..

(vivah ke samay prapt, vidaee ke samay prapt, pati se prapt, bhaee dvara diya hua, mata aur pita se diya hua, yah chh: prakar ka stridhan kahalata hai)

doosare srotoan se dhanasangrah karane mean stri ke oopar pratibandh laga hua hai. katyayan ka kathan hai-

praptan svabhyan yadvittan pritya chaiv yadanyat:.
bhartu: svabhyan bhavettatr sheshantu stridhanan stritamh..

(jo dhan shilp se prapt hota hai athava doosare premopahar mean prapt hota hai, usake oopar pati ka adhikar hota hai; shesh ko stridhan kahate haian)

kam karake kamaya hua dhan parivar ke any sadasyoan ki kamaee ki bhaanti parivar ki sampatti hota hai, jisaka prabandhak pati hai. striyoan ko apane sambandhiyoan ke atirikt any se premopahar grahan karane mean protsahan nahian diya jata hai. karan spasht hai.

mitakshara (adhyay-2) ne stridhan ka prayog samany arth mean kiya hai aur sabhi prakar ke stridhan par stri ka adhikar svikar kiya hai. dayabhag (adhyay-4) mean stridhan usi ko mana gaya hai, jis par stri ko dan dene, bechane ka aur poornaroop se upayog (pati se svatantr) karane ka adhikar ho. parantu saudayik (sambandhiyoan se premapoorvak prapt) par stri ka poora adhikar mana gaya hai. katyayan ka kathan hai-

oodhaya kanyaya vapi patyu: pitrigriheathava.
bhartu: sakashath pitrorva labdhan saudayikan stritamh..
saudayikan dhanan prapy strinaan svatantramishyate.
yasmattadanrishansyarth tairdattan tath prajivanamh..
saudayake sada strinaan svatantrayan parikirtitamh.
vikraye chaiv dane ch yatheshtan sthavareshvapi..

  kintu narad ne sthavar par pratibandh lagaya hai-

bhartra priten yaddattan striyai tasminh mriteapi tath.
sa yatha kamamashniyaddadyadva sthavaradrite..

(jo dhan pritipoorvak pati dvara stri ko diya jata hai, us dhan ko pati ke marane par bhi stri ichchhanusar upayog mean la sakati hai, achal sampatti ko chho dakar)

katyayan ke anusar kinhian paristhitiyoan mean, stri, stridhan se vanchit ki ja sakati hai-

apakarakriyayukta nirlajja charthanashini.
vyabhichararata ya ch stridhanan n ch sarhati..

(apakar kriya mean rat, nirlajja, arth ka nash karane vali, vyabhicharini stri, stridhan ki adhikarini nahian hoti) samany sthiti mean pati adi sambandhiyoan ka stridhan ke upayog mean adhikar nahian hota. vipatti adi mean upayog ho sakata hai-

n bharta naiv ch suto pita bhrataro n ch.
adane va visarge va stridhanan prabhavishnav:.. (katyayan)
durbhikshe dharmakary va vyadhau sanpratirodhake.
grihitan stridhanan bharta nakami datumarhati.. (yajnavalky)

  mrit stri ke stridhan par kisaka adhikar hoga, is par bhi dharmashastr mean vichar hua hai-

samanyan putrakanyanaan mritayaan stridhanan vidu:.
aprajayaan harebhadarta mata bhrata pitapi va.. (deval)

putr ke abhav mean duhita aur duhita ke abhav mean dauhitr ko stridhan prapt hota hai:

putrabhave tu duhita tulyasantanadarshanath. (narad)
dauhitroapi hyamutrainan santarayati pautravath. (manu)

gautam ke anusar stridhan adatta (jisaka vagdan n hua ho), apratishthita (jisaka vagdan hua ho, parantu vivah n hua ho) athava vivahita kanya ko milana chahie. mata ka yautuk (vivah ke samay prapt dhan) to nishchit roop se kumari (kanya) ko milana chahie (manu).

ni:santan stri ke marane par usake stridhan ka uttaradhikar usake vivah ke prakar ke adhar par nishchit hota tha. pratham char prakar ke prashast vivahoan-brahm, daiv, arsh tatha prajapaty-mean stridhan pati athava patikul ko prapt hota tha. antim char aprashast-asur, gandharv, rakshas evan paishach mean pita athava pitrikul ko stridhan laut jata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

(pustak ‘hindoo dharmakosh’) prishth sankhya-688