ग्रेनेड
grened athava hathagola (hath ka gola) visphotak padarth se bhara gola hai, jo hath se pheanka jata hai. isaka praranbhik prayog mashinaganoan ke morachoan aur a d ke pichhe chhipe shatru ko nasht karane ke liye kiya jata tha. dvitiy vishvayuddh mean inhean roodhigat lakshyoan ke atirikt kavachadhari yanoan (taiankoan) ke viruddh agney visphotak saman tatha dhoomr avaran nirman karane evan sanket prasaran adi ke liye prayog kiya jane laga. inaki nirmanavidhi mean bhi pragati huee. adhik prabhavi banane ke liye inamean khandoan ki sankhya badha di gee aur bhedyata badhane ke liye ti.en.ti, peantolaeet aur ar.di.eks. ka prayog hone laga. prajvalit karane ke liye ne prakar ke phyooj ka prayog hone laga. inaka mahattam bhar v akar aisa rakhana p data hai ki hath se 30 - 35 gaj tak asani se pheanka ja sake. hathageloan mean aisi vyavastha rahati hai ki hath se chhootate hi ek uttolak chhoot jata hai aur phyooj se sanlagn karatoos ki topi ko u da deta hai, jo visphotak padarth ko prajvalit kar deti hai aur gola phat jata hai. kuchh phyooj turant visphot utpann karate haian aur kuchh 4-5 sekand ke pashchath. hathagole char vargoan mean vibhajit kie ja sakate haian :
1. khandoan se nirmit visphotak
ye hathagole adhikatar dhalavaan lohe ke daantedar piandavale banae jate haian. inaka akar ek b de niboo ke akar jaisa, aandakar, hota hai. inaka bhar lagabhag 22 aus rahata hai. inamean shaktishali visphotak padarth bhara rahata hai. khandoan ka samany prabhavi ardhavyas 30 gaj hota hai.
2. rasayanik hathagole
ye sadharanat: halki dhatuoan se banae jate haian. inamean kloraisitophinon ya ashrugais, edinisait athava kisi any upayukt rasayanik padarth ka prayog kiya jata hai. phyooj jvalaniy prakar ka rahata hai. ye gole pheankane ke lagabhag do sekeand ke pashchath phat jate haian. jvalanashil hathagole bhi rasayanik hathagoloan ki bhaanti hote haian. inamean koee jvalanashil mishran bhara rahata hai.
3. dhoomrasarjak hathagole
inake dvara dhoomr avaran nirman kar sena ki gatividhi ko shatrudal se chhipane ki vyavastha ki jati hai. in hathagoloan mean ya to heksakloroeethen, aimoniyam kloret aur aimoniyam kloraid ka mishran jalaya jata hai ya shvet phasphoras ka visphotan kiya jata athava koee any mishran jalaya jata hai.
sabhi prakar ke dhoomrasarjak hathagole ek hi prakar se banae jate haian. balti ke akar ke bahy bhag ki divaroan aur shirsh par chhidr rahate hai., jinase dhuaan bahar nikal sake. aise dhumragoloan se hare, lal, baiangani, pile, nile, narangi aur kale rang ka dhuaan nikalata hai. in hathagoloan ka prayog sanket prasaran ke liye hota hai. ek hathagole mean 6.9 aus mishran rahata hai, jo 0.45 sekeand mean jal jata hai.
4. abhyas ke liye upayukt hathagole
abhyas ke liye jin hathagoloan ka prayeg kiya jata hai ve sadharan hathagole ke saman hote hai, kiantu unamean visphotak aur phyooj nahian rahate. in hathagoloan ka prayog prashikshan ke liye kiya jata hai.
raeephal se pheankane vale grened
hathagoloan ka paras badhane ke liye inhean aisa banaya gaya hai ki ye raeephal se bhi pheanke ja sakean. is suvidha se ab hathagole raiphal ki sahayata se lagabhag 200 gaj tak pheanke jate haian. raiphal se pheanke jane vale hathagole tin prakar ke hote haian. pahale prakar ke hathagole sthayi roop se ek sthayitvakari nali mean phanse rahate haian. doosare prakar ke hathagole sadharan hathagole hote haian, jinamean prakshepak anukoolak laga rahata hai. tisare prakar ke hathagoloan mean uchch shaktivala visphotak bhara rahata hai aur inaka upayog taiank pratirodh ke liye kiya jata hai. ye taiank pratirodhi hathagole vishesh prakar ke karatoosoan dvara chalae jate haian. inamean ek sayatik phyooj rahata hai. is gole ka bhar 1.13 pauand aur lanbaee 11.2 ianch hoti hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh