प्रत्यय

pratyay= prati (sath mean par bad mean)+ ay (chalanevala) shabd ka arth hai,pichhe chalana. jo shabdaansh shabdoan ke aant mean visheshata ya parivartan la dete haian, ve pratyay kahalate haian. jaise- dayalu= daya shabd ke aant mean alu ju dane se arth mean visheshata a gee hai. atah yahaan 'aloo' shabdaansh pratyay hai. pratyayoan ka apana arth kuchh bhi nahian hota aur n hi inaka prayog svatantr roop se kiya jata hai. pratyay ke do bhed haian-

krith pratyay

ve pratyay jo dhatu mean jo de jate haian, krit pratyay kahalate haian. krith pratyay se bane shabd kridant (krith+aant) shabd kahalate haian. jaise- lekhh + ak = lekhak. yahaan ak krith pratyay hai, tatha lekhak kridant shabd hai.

kram	pratyay	mool shabd\dhatu	udaharan
1	ak	lekhh, pathh, kri, gai	lekhak, pathak, karak, gayak
2	an	palh, sahh, ne, charh	palan, sahan, nayan, charan
3	ana	ghath, tulh, vandh, vidh	ghatana, tulana, vandana, vedana
4	aniy	manh, ramh, drishh, poojh, shru	mananiy, ramaniy, darshaniy, poojaniy, shravaniy
5	a	sookh, bhool, jag, pooj, ishh, bhikshh	sookha, bhoola, jaga, pooja, ichchha, bhiksha
6	aee	l d, sil, padh, chadh	l daee, silaee, padhaee, chadhaee
7	an	u d, mil, dau d	u dan, milan, dau dan
8	i	har, gir, dasharath, mala	hari, giri, dasharathi, mali
9	iya	chhal, j d, badh, ghat	chhaliya, j diya, badhiya, ghatiya
10	it	path, vyatha, phal, pushp	pathit, vyathit, phalit, pushpit
11	itr	charh, po, khanh	charitr, pavitr, khanitr
12	iyal	a d, mar, s d	a diyal, mariyal, s diyal
13	ee	hans, bol, tyajh, ret	hansi, boli, tyagi, reti
14	uk	ichchhh, bhikshh	ichchhuk, bhikshuk
15	tavy	kri, vachh	kartavy, vaktavy
16	ta	a, ja, bah, mar, ga	ata, jata, bahata, marata, gata
17	ti	a, pri, shakh, bhaj	ati, priti, shakti, bhakti
18	te	ja, kha	jate, khate
19	tr	any, sarv, ash	anyatr, sarvatr, astr
20	n	krand, vand, mand, khidh, bel, le	krandan, vandan, mandan, khinn, belan, len
21	na	padh, likh, bel, ga	padhana, likhana, belana, gana
22	m	da, dha	dam, dham
23 ,	y	gadh, padh, kri, pandit, pashchath, danth, oshthh	gady, pady, krity, pandity, pashchaty, danty, oshthy
24	ya	mrig, vidh	mrigaya, vidya
25	roo	ge	geroo
26	vala	dena, ana, padhana	denevala, anevala, padhanevala
27	aiya\vaiya	rakh, bach, daant\ga, kha	rakhaiya, bachaiya, dataiya, gavaiya, khavaiya
28	har	hona, rakhana, khevana	honahar, rakhanahar, khevanahar

taddhit pratyay

ve pratyay jo dhatu ko chho dakar any shabdoan- sanjna, sarvanam v visheshan mean ju date haian, taddhit pratyay kahalate haian. taddhit pratyay se bane shabd taddhitaant shabd kahalate haian. jaise- seth + ani = sethani. yahaan ani taddhit pratyay haian tatha sethani taddhitaant shabd hai.

kram	pratyay	shabd	udaharan
1	ai	pachhatana, jagana	pachhatai, jagai
2	ain	pandit, thakur	panditain, thakurain
3	aee	pandit, thakur, l d, chatur, chau da	panditaee, thakuraee, l daee, chaturaee, chau daee
4	ani	seth, naukar, math	sethani, naukarani, mathani
5	ayat	bahut, panch, apana	bahutayat, panchayat, apanayat
6	ar/ara	loha, sona, doodh, gaanv	lohar, sunar, doodhar, ganvar
7	ahat	chikana, ghabara, chill, k dava	chikanahat, ghabarahat, chillahat, k davahat
8	il	phen, koot, tandr, jata, pank, svapn, dhoom	phenil, kutil, tandril, jatil, pankil, svapnil, dhoomil
9	ishth	kanh, varh, guru, bal	kanishth, varishth, garishth, balishth
10	ee	sundar, bol, paksh, khet, dholak, tel, dehat	sundari, boli, pakshi, kheti, dholaki, teli, dehati
11	een	gram, kul	gramin, kulin
12	eey	bhavath, bharat, panini, rashtr	bhavadiy, bharatiy, paniniy, rashtriy
13	e	bachcha, lekha, l daka	bachche, lekhe, l dake
14	ey	atithi, atri, kuanti, purush, radha	atithey, atrey, kauantey, paurushey, radhey
15	el	phul, nak	phulel, nakel
16	ait	daka, lathi	dakait, lathait
17	era/aira	aandh, saanp, bahut, mama, kaansa, lut	aandhera, sanpera, bahutera, mamera, kasera, lutera
18	ola	khat, pat, saanp	khatola, patola, sanpola
19	auti	bap, thakur, man	bapauti, thakarauti, manauti
20	auta	billa, kajar	bilauta, kajarauta
21	k	dham, cham, baith, bal, darsh, dhol	dhamak, chamak, baithak, balak, darshak, dholak
22	kar	vishesh, khas	visheshakar, khasakar
23	ka	khat, jhat	khataka, jhataka
24	ja	bhrata, do	bhatija, dooja
25	da, di	cham, bachha, pankh, taang	cham da, bachh da, pankh di, tang di
26	t	rang, sang, khap	rangat, sangat, khapat
27	tan	ady	adyatan
28	tar	guru, shreshth	gurutar, shreshthatar
29	tah	aansh, sv	aanshatah, svatah
30	ti	kam, badh, chadh	kamati, badhati, chadhati

(31)- dha anek, bahu, shath anekadha, bahudha, shatadha

(32)- pan l daka, bachcha, kala, l dakapan, bachapan, kalapan,

                                                         dhimapan 

(33)- pa boodha, mota, budhapa, motapa

(34)- matr lesh, ranch leshamatr, ranchamatr

(35)- y gram, pandit, madhur, diti, muni, gramy, paandity, madhury, daity, maun

(36)- l shit, shyam, vats, maans shital, shyamal, vatsal maansal

(37)- lu daya, kripa, nidra, tandra dayalu, kripalu, nidralu, tandralu

(38)- v raghu, laghu raghav, laghav

(39)- vath matri, putr, yath matrivath, putravath, yavath,

(40)- vanh dhan, gun dhanavan, gunavan

(41)- val pali, braj palival, brajapal

(42)- vaan paanch, ath paanchavaan, athavaan

(43)- vi tapas, medha, maya, lakhanoo, tapasvi, medhavi, mayavi, lakhanavi

(44)- shah kram, akshar kramashah, aksharashah

(45)- s vay, sar, gham vayas, saras, ghamas

(46)- sa ai, vai, mara aisa, vaisa, mara-sa

(47)- sara do, tin doosara, tisara

(48)- soan par, tar parasoan, tarasoan

(49)- hara sona, do sunahara, duhara

(50)- hara pani, lak di panihara, lak dahara

(7)* pratyayoan ke poorvokt vargikaran (krith v taddhit) ko kee bhashavidh uchit nahian manate haian kyoanki hindi mean kee pratyay aise haian jo roopoan mean ate haian arthath dhatu mean bhi ju date haian aur sanjna adi shabdoan mean bhi ju date haian, jaise-

era - lut + era (krith pratyay) = lutera

      chacha     + era        (taddhit pratyay)  = chachera 

aee - padh + aee (krith pratyay) = padhaee

       bhala    +  aee         (taddhit pratyay)  = bhalaee 

ni - katar + ni (krith pratyay) = katarani

        ooant    +   ni           (taddhit pratyay)  = ooantani 

(8)* ye bhashavidh pratyayoan ke vargikaran ke lie aitihasik adhar ko uchit thaharate haian.

(9)* itihas ya strot ke adhar par hindi pratyayoan ko char vargoan mean vibhajit kiya jata hai.

(1)- tatsam pratyay (2)- tadbhav pratyay (3)- deshaj pratyay (4)- videshaj pratyay.

(1)- tatsam pratyay

kram pratyay bodhak/arth udaharan

(1)- a stri0 pratyay, bhavavachak sanjna pratyay adaraniya, priya, mananiya, suta, ichchha, pooja

(2)- ani stri0 pratyay devarani, bhavani, mehatarani

(3)- alu visheshan pratyay, vala kripalu, dayalu, nidralu, shraddhalu

(4)- it visheshan pratyay, yukt pallavit, pushpit, phalit, harshit

(5)- ima bhavavachak sanjna pratyay garima, nilima, madhurima, mahima

(6) - ik visheshan v sanjna pratyay dainik, vaijnanik, vaidik, laukik

(7)- k svarthe, samooh ghatak, thandhak, shatak, saptak

(8)- kar likhane ya banane, vala patrakar, janakar

(9)- j janma hua aandaj, jalaj, pankaj, piandaj, deshaj, videshaj

(10)- jivi jinevala parajivi, buddhijivi, laghujivi, dirghajivi

(11)- jn jananevala ajn, marmajn, vijn, sarvajn

(12)- tah kriyavisheshan pratyay aanshatah vastutah svatah samanyatah

(13)- taya kriya visheshan pratyay mukhyataya, visheshataya, samanyataya

(14)- tar tulana bodhak pratyay uchchatar, nimnatar, sundaratar, shreshthatar

(15)- tam sarvadhikata bodhak pratyay uchchatam, nikrishtatam, mahattam, laghutam

(16)- ta bhavavachak sanjna pratyay navinata, madhurata, sundarata

(17)- tv bhavavachak sanjna pratyay krititv, mamatv, mahatv, satitv

(18)- manh visheshan vachak pratyay vidyaman, sevyaman, buddhiman

(19)- vanh vala balavan, roopavan

(2)* tadbhav pratyay

kram pratyay bodhak/arth udaharan

(1)- aang d vala batang d

(2)- aantoo vala ratantoo, ghumantoo

(3)- at sanjna pratyay khapat, padhat, rangat, likhat

(4)- aandh sanjna pratyay bishaandh, s daandh,

(5)- a achchha, gho da, b da, l daka

(6)- aee vala kathinaee, buraee, saphaee,

(7)- aoo vala khaoo, tikaoo, panditaoo, bikaoo,

(8)- ap/apa bhavavachak pratyay milap, apanapa pujapa, budhapa, randapa

(9)- ar/ara ari karanevala kumhar, luhar, chamar, ghasiyara, pujari bhikhari

(10)- aloo karanevala jhag daloo, dayalu

(11)- avat bhavavachak pratyay kasavat, banavat, binavat, likhavat, sajavat

(12)- as ichchhavachak pratyay chhapas, pyas, likhas, nikas

(13)- ahat\ ahat bhavavachak pratyay g dag dahat, ghabarahat, , chillahat, bhalamanasahat

(14)- in stri0 pratyay julahin, thakurain, telin, pujarin

(15)- iya vala, laghutv bodhak, stri0 pratyay kanaujiya, parvatiya, bhojapuri, chutiya

                                                      chuhiya, dibiya 

(16)- ee vala, stri0 pratyay ghamandi, lalachi, ooni, sooti, gho di, l daki, nani, chachi

(17)- eela vala chamakila, patharila, sharmila, hathila

(18)- era vala kansera, chachera, phuphera, bahutera, mamera, luteram

(19)- au da\au di pakau da, muangau da, sev da, rev di

(20)- ja janma hua bhatija, bhaanja, atmaja

(21)- d\r cham da, cham di, bachh da, lang da, loth da

(22)- th ata, khata, jata, sota

(23)- pan bhavavachak pratyay chhutapan, bachapan, b dappan, pagalapan

(24)- l agal, dhuandhala, nichala, pichhala

(25)- vala apanevala, ooparavala, khanevala, janevala, taangevala,

                                                             lalavala 

(3)* deshaj pratyay

kram pratyay bodhak\arth udaharan

(1)- akk d vala ghumakk d, piyakk d, bhulakk d

(2)- a d aandh d, bhukkh d

(3)- ak chatak, dh dak, dh daka, dhamaka, phataka

(4)- ata kharrata, pharrata

(5)- iyal vala a diyal, dadhiyal, s diyal

(4)* videshaj\videshi pratyay

(1)-arabi-farasi pratyay

kram pratyay bodhak\arth udaharan

(1)- a bhavavachak safeda, kharaba

(2)- ana bhavavachak, visheshan vachak zurmana, dastana, mardana, mastana, janana

(3)- ani sanbandhavachak jismani, barfani, roohani

(4)- iyat bhavavachak aangreziyat, asaliyat, adamiyat, iansaniyat,khairiyat

(5)- kar karanevala kashtakar, dastakar, salahakar, peshakar

(6)- khor khanevala gamakhor, ghoosakhor,

(7)- gar\gari\giri karanevala karigar, kimiyagar, bazigar, jadoogari, kuligiri, baboogiri

(8)- gar karanevala parahezagar, madadagar, yadagar, rozagar

(9)- gah sthanavachak eedagah, charagah, bandaragah

(10)- gi bhavavachak sanjna pratyay gandagi, jindagi, bandagi

(11)- cha\chi vala degacha, bagicha, ilayachi, dolachi sandookachi, babarachi

(12)- zad\zada\zadi janm adamazad, haramazada, shahazada, shahazadi

(13)- daan janane vala urdoodaan, kadradaan, kanoonadaan

(14)- dan\dani sthiti vachak, adhar itradan, kalamadan, pikadan, goandadani, chayadani

(15)- dar vala eemanadar, karjadar, dookanadar, maladar, phaujadar

(16)- nak vala khataranak, khauphanak, dardanak, sharmanak

(17)- baz\ bazi vala chalabaz, dhokhebaz, mukadamebaz, chalabazi, dhokhebaz, mukadamebazi

(18)- ban vala daraban, bagaban, mejaban

(19)- mand vala aklamand, jarooratamand, daulatamand

(20)- saj vala gh disaj

(2)* aangrezi pratyay

kram pratyay bodhak\arth udaharan

(1)- ijm vad\mat kamyunijm, buddhijm, soshalijm, marksijm

(2)- ist vadi\ vyakti kamyunist, buddhist, marksist, soshalist,

panne ki pragati avastha

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poornata

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