इल्बर्ट बिल
ilbart bil, vayasaray ke qanoon sadasy, sar si. pi. ilbart ne 1883 ee. mean pesh kiya tha.
ilbart bil ka uddeshy
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isaka uddeshy sarakari adhikariyoan aur bharatiy praja ke bich jatiy bhedabhav door karana tha. bil mean bharatiy jajoan aur majistretoan ko bhi aangrez abhiyuktoan ke mamaloan par vichar karane ke adhikar ka prastav kiya gaya tha. 1873 ee. ke jabta faujadari ke aantargat aangrez abhiyuktoan ke mamaloan mean keval aangrez majistret aur jaj hi vichar kar sakate the. sirf kalakatta, madras aur bambee ke nagaroan mean bharatiy jaj aur majistret unake mamaloan par vichar kar sakate the.
aangrezoan ka virodh
yadyapi kalakatta, madras aur bambee ke nagaroan mean aangrez abhiyuktoan ke bharatiy majistretoan tatha jajoan ke samane upasthit kie jane se unaka koee ahit nahian hua tha, tathapi bharat mean rahane vale aangrezoan ne albart bil ke viruddh ek tivr andolan chhe d diya. unhoanne vayasaray lard ripan tak ko apamanit karane ka prayas kiya aur unaka bahishkar shuroo kar diya.
sarakar ka bil mean parivartan
doosari or bharatiy janamat ne albart bil ka zoradar samarthan kiya. parantu goroan dvara arambh kie ge albart bil virodhi andolan se itana tahalaka macha ki sarakar ko jhukana p da aur usane albart bil mean parivartan karake yah vyavastha kar di ki kisi aangrez abhiyukt ke bharatiy jaj athava majistret ke samane upasthit kiye jane par, vah maang kar, seshan jaj ke samane muqadama joori ke dvara suna jae aur jooriyoan mean kam se kam adhe aangrez hoange.
aangrezoan ki jit
is prakar sarakar jis jatiy bhedabhav ko door karana chahati thi, vah n keval qayam raha, balki usaka vistar kolakata, madras tatha bambee ke nagaroan mean bhi kar diya gaya. goroan ne ise apani bahut b di jit mana.
bharatiyoan ki soch parivartan
is andolan ke bahut mahattvapoorn parinam hue. isase bharatiyoan ke nikat spasht ho gaya ki sangathan tatha sarvajanik andolan kitana phaladayi hota hai. bharatiyoan mean surendranath banarji sarikhe logoan ne is andolan se kafi sabaq liya. ek sal ke andar surendranath banarji ke netritv mean bharatiy rashtriy kosh ki sthapana ki gee tatha 1883 ee. mean kalakatta mean iandiyan neshanal kanfreans huee, jisamean bharat ke sabhi bhagoan se aye hue pratinidhiyoan ne bhag liya. do sal bad bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ka janm hua. yah jatiy dvesh bhav se prerit goroan ke unmattata poorn andolan ka bharatiy pratyuttar tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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