गोवा
gova / Goa
gova kshetraphal mean bharat ka sabase chhota aur janasankhya ke hisab se doosara sabase chhota rajy hai. poori duniya mean gova apane khoobasoorat samuandr ke kinaroan aur mashahoor sthapaty kala ke liye jana jata hai. gova pahale purtagal ka ek upanivesh tha. purtagaliyoan ne gova par lagabhag 450 sal tak shasan kiya aur disanbar 1961 mean yah bharatiy prashasan ko sauanpa diya gaya.
mahabharat mean gova ka ullekh 'goparashtr' arthat 'gay charane valoan ka desh' ke roop mean milata hai. dakshin koankan ka ullekh gova rashtr ke roop mean milata hai. sanskrit ke kuchh prachin strotoan mean gova ko 'gopakapuri' aur 'gopakapattan' kaha gaya hai jinaka ullekh any granthoan ke alava 'harivanshamh' aur skand puran mean prapt hota hai. gova ko bad mean kahian kahian 'goaanchal' bhi kaha gaya hai. any namoan mean gove, govapuri, gop ka patan, aur gomant pramukh haian. t aaulami ne gova ka ullekh eesvi san 200 ke lagabhag 'gouba' ke roop mean kiya hai. arab ke madhyayugin yatriyoan ne ise 'chandrapur' aur 'chandaur' ka nam diya hai jo mukhy roop se ek tatiy nagar tha. jis sthan ka nam purtagaliyoan ne gova rakha vah aj ka chhota sa samudr tatiy shahar 'goa-velha' hai. kalantar mean us kshetr ko gova kaha jane laga jis par purtagaliyoan ne kabja kiya.
janashruti ke anusar gova jisamean koankan kshetr bhi hai aur jisaka vistar gujarat se keral tak mana jata hai, ki rachana parashuram ne ki thi. kahavat hai ki parashuram ne ek yajn ke dauran apane banoan ki varsha se samudr ko kee sthanoan par pichhe dhakel diya tha. logoan ka kahana hai ki isi vajah se aj bhi gova mean bahut se sthanoan ka nam vanavali, vanasthali ityadi haian. uttari gova mean haramal ke pas aj bhi bhoore rang ke ek parvat ko parashuram ke yajn karane ka sthan mana jata hai.
itihas aur bhoogol
gova prachinakal mean gomaanchal,gopakapattanam, gopapuri, aur gomaantak adi kee namoan se vikhyat raha hai. is pradesh ki lanbi aitihasik paranpara rahi hai. gova ke praranbhik itihas ke sanbandh mean spasht janakari nahian hai. eesa poorv pahali shatabdi me gova satavahan samrajy ka is par shasan raha. 14vian shatabdi ke aant mean yadavoan ka samrajy samapt hua aur dilli ke khilaji vansh ne is par apana adhikar kiya. is prakar gova muslim shasakoan ke adhin raha. san 1489 mean vaskodigama dvara bharat ke lie samudri marg ki khoj ke bad purtagali yatri bharat pahuanche. san 1510 mean elphaanso d alabukark ne vijayanagar ke samrat ki sahayata se gova par akraman karake is par kabja kar liya. san 1542 mean jesuit sant phraansis jeviyar ke agaman se gova mean dharm parivartan aranbh hua. 17 vian shatabdi ke uttararddh ke kuchh varsho ko chho dakar, jab shiva ji ne gova aur usake asapas ke kshetroan par adhikar kar liya tha, poore kshetr par purtagaliyoan ka shasan raha. bharat ke svatantr hone par bhi gova purtagaliyoan ke hi adhikar mean raha. aantat: 19 disanbar, 1961 ko gova ko mukt kar diya gaya aur ise daman tatha div ke sath milakar keandrashasit pradesh banaya gaya. 30 mee, 1987 ko gova ko poorn rajy ko darja mila aur daman tatha div ko alag keandrashasit pradesh bana diya gaya.
gova bharatiy prayadvip ke pashchimi tat par sthit hai. isake uttar mean terekhol nadi bahati hai jo gova ko maharashtr se alag karati hai. isake dakshin mean karnatak ka uttar kann d zila aur poorv mean pashchimi ghat aur pashchim mean arab sagar hai. panaji, m dagaanv, vasko, mapusa, tatha poanda rajy ke pramukh shahar haian.
krishi
yahaan ki mukhy khady phasal chaval haian. isake atirikt dalean, ragi aur any khady phasalean bhi ugaee jati haian. nariyal, kajoo, supari tatha ganne jaisi nakadi phasaloan ke sath-sath yahaan anannas, am aur kela bhi hota hai. rajy mean 1,424 varg kilomitar se adhik kshetr mean ghane van haian.
sichaee aur bijali
rajy mean 'selaulim' aur 'aanjunem' jaise baandhoan aur any laghu sianchaee pariyojanaoan ke hone se sianchit kshetr badhata ja raha hai. in pariyojanaoan se ab tak kul 43,000 hekteyar ki sianchaee kshamata upalabdh ho saki hai. rajy ke sabhi gaanvoan mean bijali pahuanchaee ja chuki hai aur shat-pratishat vidyutikaran ka lakshy prapt kiya ja chuka hai.
udyog tatha khanij
- rajy mean laghu udyogoan ki sankhya 7110 hai.
- 20 audyogik parisar haian. rajy ke khanij utpadoan mean phairo maianganij, b aauksait, lauh-ayask adi shamil haian aur inake niryat se rajy ki arthavastha mean mahatvapoorn yogadan milata hai.
parivahan
- rajy mean rashtriy rajamargoan ki lanbaee 224 kilomitar tatha praantiy rajamargoan ki lanbaee 232 kilomitar hai. isake alava 815 kilomitar zila marg haian.
- gova koankan relave ke madhyam se muanbee, mangalor aur tiruvanantapuram se ju da hai. is relamarg par anek tej-raphtar relagadiyaan shuroo ki gee haian. vaskodigama dakshin madhy relave ke baiangalaur aur belagaanv steshanoan se ju da hai. is marg ka prayog mal yatayat ke lie hota hai.
- dabolim havaee adde se muanbee, dilli, tiruvanantapuram, kochchi, chennee, agati aur baiangalaur ke lie niyamit viman sevaean haian.
- maramugaanv rajy ka pramukh bandaragah hai. yahaan malavahak jahajoan ke lie suvidhaean upalabdh hai. isake alava panaji, tirakol, chapora betool aur talapona mean bhi chhote bandaragah haian, magar inamean se panaji pramukh vyast bandaragah hai. yahaan jahajoan ke lie ek pattan (port) bhi prarambh ho gaya hai.
paryatan sthal
- aanjuna bich gova
- besilika aauph b aaum jisas
- gova ke mahatvapoorn paryatan sthal haian- kolava,kalanagute, vagator, baga, haramal, aanjuna aur miramar samudr tat:,
- purane gova mean baisilika aauph bom jisas aur se-kethedral charch;
- kavalem, maradol, mangeshi tatha banadora mandir;
- aguda terekhol, chapora aur kabo di rama kile;
- prakritik sauandary ke lie prasiddh doodhasagar aur haravalem jalaprapat tatha maem jhil haian.
- rajy mean samriddh vanyaprani udyan haian, jaise- boandala, kotigaanv tatha molem vanyaprani udyan aur chorav mean da. salim ali pakshi udyan, jisaka kul kshetraphal 354 varg kilomitar hai.
zile
gova rajy 2 jiloan mean vibhajit hai, jinaka kshetraphal, janasankhya is prakar hai-
- uttari gova - kshetraphal 1,736 varg ki.mi.- janasankhya 758,573 (2001 janaganana ke anusar) aur mukhyalay panaji hai.
- dakshini gova - kshetraphal 1,966 varg ki.mi.- janasankhya 589,095 (2001 janaganana ke anusar) aur mukhyalay maragaanv hai.