Difference between revisions of "भारतीय आदिवासियों की मातृभाषा तथा हिन्दी से इनका सामीप्य -लक्ष्मणप्रसाद सिन्हा"

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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| बालिग  
 
| बालिग  
 
| बालोक
 
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! आदि
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| अपमान         
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| औपमान
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| अमीन
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| खजूर           
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| जटा
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| जाटा
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| वारिस     
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| ओवारिस
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! मध्य
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| उमर             
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| तुरत
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| कारण
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| कारोम
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! अंत
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| ताड़े
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| चाँद
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| कैंची             
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| छिलका         
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! अन्त
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==टीका टिप्पणी और संदर्भ==
 
==टीका टिप्पणी और संदर्भ==

Revision as of 13:26, 13 March 2014

chitr:Icon-edit.gif yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian.
lekhak- lakshmanaprasad sinha

saral, nishchchhal aur adanbahin nagarik ke roop mean bharat ke adivasi ramayan-mahabharat kal se hi apani mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhate rahe haian. prakriti se unaka tadatmy sanbandh raha hai jisake parinamasvaroop unaki sangitamay naisargik boli aisi pratit hoti hai, jaise baansuri baj rahi ho. desh ke vibhinn bhag mean phaile adivasiyoan mean samajik aur saanskritik ekaroopata milati hai. yah durbhagy ka vishay hai ki apane desh mean adivasiyoan ka nirantar shoshan ho raha hai. isaka pramukh karan hai unake prati upekshabhav. isake atirikt desh ke samantavadi prishthabhoomi tatha jati-paanti ke bhedabhav bhi adivasi-shoshan ke lie bahut adhik uttaradayi hai. bharatavarsh mean arthik aur rajanitik drishti se adivasiyoan ka shoshan to hua hi hai, ve saanskritik shoshan ke shikar rahe haian. unaki apani matribhasha rahi hai, jo shanai: shanai: lupt hoti ja rahi hai. adivasi jab bolate haian, to unase sangitamayi dhvani nikalati hai.
bharat ke adivasiyoan mean prachalit adivasi bhashaean do bhasha-parivar ke antargat vargikrit ki gee haian- astro eshiyatik (agney) bhasha parivar tatha, dravi d bhashaparivar. astro eshiyatik bhasha-parivar ki muanda shakha ke antargat tin mahatvapoorn bhashaean haian- ‘santali’, ‘ho’ tatha ‘muandari’. isi prakar dravi d bhasha ki uttari dravi d shakha ke antargat mahatvapoorn bhasha ‘kurukh’ hai jo bharatiy adivasiyoan ke bich atyadhik lokapriy hai.
‘santali’, ‘ho’ ya ‘muandari’ chooanki ek hi bhasha-parivar se vyatpann haian, isalie unaki rooparachana mean bahut kuchh samy svabhavik hai. vaise virohar, bhoomij, turi aur asuri adi is parivar ki gaun boliyaan haian. sar j aaurj griyarsan ke anusar santal, ho, muanda, bhoomij, virohar adi adivasiyoan ke poorvaj kharavar kahe jate haian. aj kharavar chhotanagapur ke grihasth haian, jinaki jivika ka sadhan krishikary hai. chooanki muanda dakshin se hote hue uttar bharat mean a base haian, isaliy aryabhashaoan se parasparik sanpark ke karan inamean hindi ke bahutere shabd a ge haian.

santali

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

muanda-parivar ki bhashaoan mean santali bahut hi lokapriy bhasha hai. ise santhali bhi kaha jata hai. pray: 500 kilomitar kshetr mean base muanda adivasiyoan mean 57 pratishat log santali bolate haian. 1971 ki janaganana ke anusar santali bhasha-bhashiyoan ki sanstha 36,93,558 hai. bharat mean santal adivasi ek b de bhoobhag mean base haian. sarvekshan se yah jnat hota hai ki uttar mean isaki sima rekha ganga nadi hai tatha dakshin mean vaitarani nadi. phir bhi pramukh roop se ye bihar ke santal paragana jile mean hi base haian. chhutapuchh roop se ye bihar ke bhagalapur, muanger, sianhabhoom, bangal ke bardaman, baanku da, midanapur tatha asam ke jalapaigu di mean bhi ja base haian. santali mean hindi ke char-char paranparit kanthy, talavy, moordhany, danty tatha oshthy varnoan ka prachalan hai aur pratyek varn ke aant mean anunasik vyanjan milata hai. sath hi, hindi ke saman varnoan ka kram bhi alpapran ke bad mahapran hai arthath pratyek varg ke varn n to lagatar mahapran ho sakate haian aur nahi alpapran hi. chooanki santali bhasha-bhashi aj bihar, bangal aur asam ke vibhinn kshetroan mean base haian, isalie svabhavik roop se paraspar saanskritik sanpark ke karan santaloan ne karyabhasha ke bahutere shabdoan ko apana liya hai. isilie hindi ka tatsam, tadbhav, deshaj aur videshi shabdoan ke yathatathy roop santali mean mukt roop se prachalit hai. aise shabdoan ki sankhya to bahut hai, kiantu samy-digdarshan hetu kuchh udaharan prastut haian-

tatsam eeshvar, arasi, rrishi, katha, khand, tula, tej, daya, guroo, vish adi.
tadbhav adha, upas, oda, ooant, karja, gho da, muti, achar, vichar, bhitari adi.
deshaj aloo, kaboo, chabhi, lota, ghani adi.
videshi amadani, ianjin, iansaph, inam, elan, kayada, karakhana, kissa, khushamad, tarikh, matalab adi.

santali bhasha mean aise shabd bhi prachalit haian jinaka prachalan to hindi bhasha mean nahian hai, kiantu vikalp se unase dhvanigat saman shabd hindi bhasha vartaman hai. vastut: mool roop se aise shabd santali se hindi mean ae haian aur svatantr roop se muanda bhasha-parivar mean vikasit hone ke karan aj dhvanyatmak roop se ye hindi se bhinn pratit ho rahe haian. bhasha ki parivartanashilata ki tula par hindi aur santali ke roop-bhed ka disha-nirdesh sahaj roop se sambhav hai-

1. alpapran – mahapran
alpapran se mahapran
hindi santali
ooant ooanth
tambakoo tanmasur
tarabooj tarabhuj
mahapran se alpapran
dhibari dibari
phal pal
hathi hati
dukh duk
2. ghosh - aghosh
aghosh se ghosh
hindi santali
jutana ju dav
shukratara bhuraka
sasta sahata
masjid mahajid
ghosh se aghosh
avasar apasar
dimag dimak
julan julap
nariyal narako d
balig balok
3. agam (svar)
adi apaman aupaman
amin amin
khajoor khijoor
jata jata
varis ovaris
madhy umar umer
tuar tuar
ulat ulat
turat turant
karan karom
aant ianch ianchi
ta d ta de
chaand chaandi
4. agam (vyanjan)
madhy kaianchi kapachi
kela kapara
chunauti chunayati
chhilaka chokalak
ant choo di churali
chhata chhatar
thaili thailar
sadhoo sa dage
bhado bhador

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh


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