भारतीय सशस्त्र सेना
thumb|250px|bharatiy vayu sena bharat ki raksha niti ka pramukh uddeshy yah hai ki bharatiy upamahadvip mean use badhava diya jae evan sthayitv pradan kiya jae tatha desh ki raksha senaoan ko paryapt roop se susajjit kiya jae, taki ve kisi bhi akraman se desh ki raksha kar sakean. varsh 1946 ke poorv bharatiy raksha ka poora niyantran aangrezoan ke hathoan mean tha. usi varsh keandr mean aantarim sarakar mean pahali bar ek bharatiy, baladev sianh, desh ke raksha mantri bane, halaanki kamaandar-in-chiph ek aangrez hi raha. 1947 mean desh ka vibhajan hone par bharat ko 45 rejimeantean milian, jinamean 2.5 lakh sainik the. shesh rejimeantan pakistan chali gayian. gorakha phauj ki 6 rejimeantan (lagabhag 25,000 sainik) bhi bharat ko milian. shesh gorakha sainik british sena mean sammilit ho gaye. british sena ki aantim tuk di samarasait lait inphaiantri ki pahali bataliyan ho gayi. british sena ki aantim tuk di samarasait lait inphaiantri ki pahali bataliyan bharatiy bhoomi se 28 pharavari, 1948 ko svadesh ravana huee. kuchh aangrez afasar paramarshak ke roop mean kuchh samay tak bharat mean rahe lekin svatantrata ke pahale kshan se hi bharatiy sena poornat: bharatiyoan ke hathoan mean a gayi thi. svatantrata ke turant pashchat bharat sarakar ne bharatiy sena ke dhaanche mean katipay parivartan kiye. thal sena, vayu sena evan nausena apane-apane mukhy senadhyakshoan ke adhin ayi. bharatiy riyasatoan ki sena ko bhi desh ki sainy vyavastha mean shamil kar liya gaya. 26 janavari, 1950 ko desh ke ganatantr banane par bharatiy senaoan ki sanrachanaoan mean avashyak parivartan kiye gaye.
| kram | prakshepastr | prakar | marak kshamata | ayudh vajan kshamata | pratham parikshan | lagat | vikas sthiti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | agni-1 | satah se satah par marak(iantaramidiet bailistik prakshepastr) | 1200 se 1500 ki.mi. | 1000 ki.gra. | 22mee, 1989 | 8 karo d roo. | vikasit evan tainat |
| 2 | agni-2 | satah se satah par marak(iantaramidiet bailistik prakshepastr) | 1500 se 2000 ki.mi. | 1000 ki.gra. (paramparagat evan paramanvik) | 11aprॅl, 1999 | 8 karo d roo. | vikasit evan pradarshit |
| 3 | agni-3 | iantaramidiet bailistik prakshepastr | 3000 ki.mi. | 1500 ki.gra. | 9julaee, 2006 (asaphal), 12aprॅl, 2007 (pratham saphal parikshan) | nirmanadhin | |
| 4 | prithvi | satah se satah par marak alp doori ke taiktikal baital phild prakshepastr | 150 se 250 ki.mi. | 500 ki.gra. | 25pharavari, 1989 | 3 karo d roo. | vikasit evan tainat |
| 5 | trishool | satah se vayu mean marak lo level klin riekshan alp doori ke prakshepastr | 500mi. se 9 ki.mi. | 15 ki.gra. | 5joon, 1989 | 45 lakh roo. | vikasit evan tainat |
| 6 | nag | satah se satah par marak taiank bhedi prakshepastr | 4 ki.mi. | 10 ki.gra. | 29navambar, 1991 | 25 lakh roo. | vikasit evan tainat |
| 7 | akash | satah se vayu mean marak bahulakshak prakshepastr | 25 se 30 ki.mi. | 55 ki.gra. | 15agast, 1990 | 1 karo d roo. | vikasit evan tainat |
| 8 | astr | vayu se vayu mean marak prakshepastr | 25 se 40 ki.mi. | 300 ki.gra. | 9mee, 2003 | nirmanadhin | |
| 9 | brahmos | potabhedi supar sonik krooz prakshepastr | 290 ki.mi. | 12joon, 2001 | vikasit evan tainat | ||
| 10 | shaury | satah se satah par marak bailistik prakshepastr | 600 ki.mi. | 12navambar, 2008 | vikasashil evan parikshanadhin |
bharat ki raksha senaoan ka sarvochch kamaandar bharat ka rashtrapati hai, kintu desh raksha vyavastha ki jimmedari mantrimandal ki hai. raksha se sanbandhit sabhi mahatvapoorn mamaloan ka phaisala rajanitik karyoan sanbandhi mantrimandal samiti (kaibinet kameti aaun p aaulitikal apheyars) karati hai, jisaka adhyaksh pradhanamantri hota hai. raksha mantri sevaoan se sanbandhit sabhi vishayoan ke bare mean sansad ke samaksh uttaradayi hai.
| 80px|bharatiy nausena ka pratik |
| 80px|bharatiy vayusena ka pratik |
| 80px|sima suraksha bal ka pratik |
thumb|250px|bharatiy nausena raksha mantralay ka pramukh raksha mantri hai aur sabase b da vittiy adhikari raksha mantralay ka vittiy salahakar hota hai. raksha mantralay mean char vibhag hai- (1) raksha vibhag, (2) raksha utpadan vibhag, (3) raksha apoorti vibhag aur (4) raksha vijnan evan anusandhan vibhag. raksha mantralay desh ki raksha karane aur sashastr senaoan - sthal sena, nau sena aur vayu sena ke saj-saman jutane aur unaka prashasan chalane ke lie uttaradayi hai. raksha mantralay bharat ki raksha sashastr senaoan arthat thal sena, nau sena aur vayu sena ke gathan aur unake prashasan, sashastr senaoan ke lie astr-shastr, gola-barood, pot, viman, vahan, upakaran aur saj-saman ki vyavastha karane, abhi tak ayat hone vali madoan ko desh ke bhitar nirmit karane ki kshamata sthapit karane aur raksha ke kshetr mean anusandhan evan vikas ko badhava dene ke lie sidhe uttaradayi hai. is mantralay ki kuchh any jimmedariyaan haian- mantralay se sanbaddh asainik sevaoan par niyantran, kaintonameant banana, unake kshetr ka nirdharan karana aur raksha seva karmachariyoan ke lie aanvas suvidhaoan ka vinimayan karana. bharat ki sashastr senaoan mean tin mukhy sevayean haian- thal-sena, nausena aur vayu sena. ye tinoan sevayean ek senadhyaksh arthat kramash: sthal senadhyaksh, nau senadhyaksh aur vayu senadhyaksh ke adhin haian. ye tinoan senadhyaksh janaral ya isake barabar pad vale hote haian. in tinoan senadhyakshoan ki ek senadhyaksh samiti hai. is samiti ki adhyakshata yahi tinoan senadhyaksh apani varishthata ke adhar par karate haian. is samiti ki sahayata ke lie up-samitiyaan hoti haian jo vishesh samasyaoan jaise ayojan, prashikshan, sanchar adi ka kam dekhati haian.
aj bharat ki thal sena vishv ki sabase b di sthal senaoan mean chauthe sthan par, vayu sena paanchavean sthan par aur nau sena satavean sthan par mani jati hai. sena ke pramukh sahayak sangathan haian- (1)pradeshik sena (2) tat rakshak, (3) sahayak vayu sena aur (4) en. si. si. jisamean sthal sena, nau sena aur vayu sena tinoan parshv hote haian.
- bharatiy thal sena
thumb|250px|bharatiy thalasena
| kram | nam | sthiti | reanj (ki.mi.) |
pailod (ki.gra.) |
mool | vishesh |
|---|
sena ko adhikatar thal sena hi samajha jata hai, yah thik bhi hai kyoanki raksha-pakti mean thal sena ka hi pratham tatha pradhan sthan hai. is samay lagabhag 13 lakh sainik-asainik thal sena mean bhinn-bhinn padoan par karyarat haian, jabaki 1948 mean sena mean lagabhag 2,00,000 sainik the. thal sena ka mukhyalay nee dilli mean hai. bharatiy thal sena ke prashasanik evan samarik kary sanchalan ka niyantran thal senadhyaksh karata hai.
thal senadhyaksh ki sahayata ke lie thalasena ke vais chiph, tatha chiph staph aphasar hote haian. inamean dipti chiph aph armi staph, edajuteant-janaral, kvartar mastar-janaral, mastar-janaral af ardanens aur sena sachiv tatha ianjiniyar-in-chiph sammilit haian. thal sena 6 kamanoan mean sangathit hai- (1) pashchimi kaman (mukhyalay: shimala) (2) poorvi kaman (kolakata) (3) uttari kaman (udhamapur) (4) dakshini kaman (pune) (5) madhy kaman (lakhanoo) evan (6) dakshini-pashchimi kaman (jayapur). dakshin-pashchim kaman ka gathan 15 aprail, 2005 ko kiya gaya. isaka mukhyalay jayapur mean sthapit kiya gaya hai. yah thal sena ki sabase b di kaman hai.
bharat mean prakshepastr karyakram
bharat mean prakshepastr karyakram ka vikas is prakar hua-
- 1967 mean bharat ne aantariksh shodh aur upagrah prakshepastr karyakram prarambh kiya aur varsh 1972 tak r aauket rohini-560 ka parikshan kar liya gaya. rohini-560 ki marak kshamata lagabhag 100 kilo bhar ke sath 334 kilomitar door tak thi.
- 1979 mean bharat ne pahali bar upagrah prakshepan yan 'eselavi-3' aantariksh boostar ka prakshepan kiya.
- 1980 mean 35 kilo bhar vale rohini-1 upagrah ka saphal prakshepan kiya gaya.
- 1983 mean bharat ke 'raksha anusandhan aur vikas sansthan' (di ar di o) ne ekikrit prakshepastr vikas karyakram ki ghoshana ki jisamean paanch prakshepastr vikasit kie jane the-
| thal sena | nau sena | vayu sena |
|---|---|---|
| phild marshal | edamiral aauf phlit | marshal aauf di eyar phors |
| janaral | edamiral | eyar chif marshal |
| lephtineant janaral | vais edamiral | eyar marshal |
| mejar janaral | riyar edamiral | eyar vais marshal |
| brigediyar | komodor | eyar komodor |
| karnal | kaiptan | grup kaiptan |
| lephtineant karnal | kamaandar | viang kamaandar |
| mejar | lephtineant kamaandar | skvadran lidar |
| kaiptan | lephtineant | phlaid lephtineant |
| lephtineant | sab-lephtineant | phlaiang aauphisar |
- prithvi jo satah se satah par mar karane vala prakshepastr hai (taral eeandhan vala bailistik prakshepastr).
- prithvi-1 jisaki marak kshamata dedh sau kilomitar, ek hazar kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah sena ke lie hai.
- prithvi-2 jisaki marak kshamata dhaee sau kilomitar, paanch sau kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah vayu sena ke lie hai.
- prithvi-3 jisaki marak kshamata sadhe tin sau kilomitar, paanch sau kilogram ki kshamata hai. yah nausena ke lie hai.
- agni jo satah se satah par mar karane vala prakshepastr hai aur jisaki kshamata dedh hazar kilomitar hai. yah ek hazar kilogram bhar vala astr le ja sakata hai. is prakshepastr ka pahala charan eselavi-3 ke thos eeandhan vale motar ka aur doosara charan taral eeandhan vale prithvi ka prayog karata hai.
thumb|250px|left|bharatiy nausena
- akash jo satah se satah par mar karane vala lanbi doori ka prakshepastr hai. yah 55 kilogram vajan ka astr le ja sakata hai aur adhikatam 25 kilomitar ki doori tak yah ek sath paanch vimanoan ko nishana bana sakata hai.
- trishool jo satah se satah par ya satah se hava mean mar karane vala kam doori ka prakshepastr hai. isaki marak doori 50 kilomitar hai aur yah radar ke nirdeshoan se kary karata hai.
- nag jo taiank rodhi prakshepastr hai. yah lagabhag char kilomitar ki kshamata vala prakshepastr hai aur nirdeshoan ke lie sanvedi praudyogiki par bana hai.
- 1987 mean bharat ne adhunik upagrah prakshepan yan (e es el vi) ka parikshan prarambh kiya. char hazar kilomitar ki kshamata vale is prakshepan ki kshamata dedh sau kilogram hai. isamean tin upagrah prakshepan yan rahate haian.
- 1988 mean bharat ne 'prithvi' ki parikshan u dan ka parikshan kiya. bharat ne dhruviy upagrah prakshepan yan (pi es el vi) ke nirman ki ghoshana ki jisaki kshamata lagabhag ath hazar kilomitar thi. ek hazar kilo vajan ki kshamata ke is yan se ek tan ka upagrah dhruviy kaksha mean sthapit kiya sakata tha. yadi is yan ko hathiyar pranali ki bhaanti kiya jae to yah paramanu astr ko ek mahadvip se doosare mahadvip tak le jane mean saksham hai.
thumb|250px|bharatiy vayusena ke l dakoo viman
- 1989 mean bharat ne agni ka parikshan kiya aur navanbar mean nag ka parikshan kiya.
- 1994 ke madhy tak prithvi-1 ka prarambhik utpadan prarambh ho gaya tha. bharatiy sena ne 100 prithvi-1 prakshepastr lene ka adesh diya jise usaki 333 prakshepastr grup ke sath tainat kiya jana tha.
- 1996 mean bharat ne kaha ki vah 'bhoo-samakalik upagrah prakshepan yan' vikasit kar raha hai. bharat ki yojana janavari mah mean roos ki ji es el vi ke lie sat krayojenik ianjan dene ki yojana thi.
- 1998 mean bharat mean 'bharatiy janata parti' ne 'prithvi prakshepastroan' ka utpadan adhik karane ki yojana ke sath hi madhyam doori ke 'agni prakshepastr' vikasit karane ka bhi faisala liya.
- kliantan prashasan ke varishth adhikari ne amerika mean kaha ki bharat ke pas 'sagarika' nam ka samudr se ju da prakshepastr hai. sagarika ki kshamata 200 mil ki hai aur vah paramanu astr le jane mean saksham hai.
- 11 mee bharat ne trishool ka saphal parikshan kiya hai. yah satah se satah aur satah se hava mean marane vala prakshepastr hai.
- bharatiy nau sena
adhunik bharatiy nau sena ki niv 17vian shatabhdi mean rakhi gee thi, jab eesht iandiya kanpani ne ek samudri sena ke roop mean eest indiya kampani ki shthapana ki aur is prakar 1934 mean r aauyal iandiyan nevi ki shthapana huee. bharatiy nau sena ka mukhhyalay nee dilhli mean sthit hai aur yah mukhhy nau sena adhikari – ek edmiral ke niyantran mean hota hai. bharatiy nau sena 3 kshetroan ki kamaandoan ke tahat tainat ki gee hai, jisamean se prathyek ka niyantran ek phlaig adhikari dvara kiya jata hai.
- pashchimi nau sena kamaand ka mukhhyalay arab sagar mean mumbee mean sthit hai.
- dakshini nau sena kamaand keral ke kochchi (kochin) mean hai tatha yah bhi arab sagar mean sthit hai.
- poorvi nau sena kamaand bangal ki kha di mean aandhr pradesh ke vishakhapatnam mean hai.
- bharatiy vayu sena
thumb|bharatiy vayusena ka dhvaj bharatiy vayu sena ki shthapana 8 aktoobar 1932 ko ki gee aur 1 aprail 1954 ko eyar marshal subroto mukharji, bharatiy nau sena ke ek sanshthapak sadashy ne pratham bharatiy vayu sena pramukh ka karyabhar sanbhala. samay bitane ke sath bharatiy vayu sena ne apane havaee jahajoan aur upakaranoan mean athyadhik unhnayan kie haian aur is prakriya ke bhag ke roop mean isamean 20 ne prakar ke havaee jahaj shamil kie haian. 20vian shatabhdi ke aantim dashak mean bharatiy vayu sena mean mahilaoan ko shamil karane ki pahal ke lie sanrachana mean asadharan badalav kie ge, jinhhean alhp seva kalin kamishan hetu liya gaya yah aisa samay tha jab vayu sena ne ab tak ke kuchh adhik jokhim poorn kary hath mean lie hue the.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
vithika
- chitr:Indian-Air-Force.jpg
bharatiy vayusena
- chitr:Indian-Army-Flag.png
bharatiy thalasena ka dhvaj
- chitr:Indian-Air-Force-2.jpg
bharatiy vayusena
- chitr:Indian-Air-Force-3.jpg
bharatiy vayusena ke senik
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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