वाराणसी

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varanasi / Varanasi

kashi / banaras / Kashi / Banaras
thumb|300px|kashi mahajanapad
Kashi Great Realm varanasi, kashi athava banaras bharat desh ke uttar pradesh ka ek prachin aur dharmik mahatta rakhane vala shahar hai . isaka purana nam kashi hai . varanasi vishv ka prachinatam basa hua shahar hai. yah ganga nadi kinare basa hai aur hajaroan sal se uttar bharat ka dharmik evan saanskritik kendr raha hai. do nadiyoan varuna aur asi ke madhy basa hone ke karan isaka nam varuna+asi=varanasi pada . banaras ya varanasi ka nam puranoan, ramayan, mahabharat jaise anekanek granthoan mean milata hai. sanskrit padhane prachin kal se hi log varanasi aya karate the banaras ke gharanoan ki hindustani sangit me apani hi shaili hai. varanasi ke ghat ganga nadi ke dhanush ki akriti hone ke karan manohari lagate haian . sabhi ghatoan ke poorvarbhimukh hone se sooryoday ke samay ghatoan par pahali kiran dastak deti hai . uttar disha mean rajaghat se prarambh hokar dakshin mean assi ghat tak sau se adhik ghat haian. inamean se dashashvamedh, kedar, harishchandr, manikarnika adi pramukh ghat haian . manikarnika ghat par chita ki agni kabhi shaant nahian hoti, kyoanki banaras ke bahar marane valoan ki antyeshti puny prapti ke liye yahian ki jati hai . kee hindoo manate haian ki kashi mean marane valoan ko moksh prapt hota hai .

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aitihasik alekhoan se pramanit hota hai ki eesa poorv ki chhathi shatabdi mean kashi bharatavarsh ka b da hi samriddhashali aur mahatvapoorn rajy tha . madhy yug mean yah kannauj rajy ka aang tha aur bad mean bangal ke pal nareshoan ka is par adhikar ho gaya tha . sanh 1194 mean shahabuddin gauri ne is nagar ko loota- pata aur kshati pahuanchayi . mugal kal mean isaka nam badal kar muhammadabad rakha gaya . bad mean ise avadh darabar ke pratyaksh niyantran mean rakha gaya . balavant sianh ne baksar ki l daee mean aangrejoan ka sath diya aur isake upalakshy mean kashi ko avadh darabar se svatantr karaya . sanh 1911 mean aangrejoan ne maharaj prabhunarayan sianh ko banaras ka raja bana diya . sanh 1950 mean yah rajy svechchha se bharatiy ganarajy mean shamil ho gaya.

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kashi vibhinn mat-matantaroan ki sangam sthali rahi hai . vidya ke is puratan aur shashvat nagar ne sadiyoan se dharmik guruoan, sudharakoan aur pracharakoan ko apani or akrisht kiya hai . bhagavan buddh aur shankarachary ke alava ramanuj, vallabhachary, sant kabir, guru nanak, tulasidas, chaitany mahaprabhu, raidas adi anek sant is nagari mean aye .

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bharatiy svatantrata aandolan mean bhi kashi sadaiv agrani rahi hai . rashtriy aandolan mean kashi hiandoo vishvavidyalay ke chhatroan ka yogadan smaraniy hai . is nagari ko kraantikari sushil kumar lahi di, amar shahid chandrashekhar ajad tatha jitedranath sanyal sarikhe vir sapootoan ko janm dene ka gaurav prapt hai . mahamana pandit madanamohan malaviy jaise vilakshan mahapurush ke atirikt raja shiv prasad gupt, baboorav vishnu para dakar, shri shriprakash, d aau. bhagavan das, lal bahadur shasri, d aau. sanpoornanand, kamaleshvar prasad, manmathanath gupt, mukutabihari lal jaise mahapurushoan ka svatantrata sangram mean yogadan itihas mean svarnaksharoan mean aankit rahega .

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varanasi gayan evan vady donoan hi vidyaoan ka keandr raha hai . sumadhur thumari bharatiy kanth sangit ko varanasi ki vishesh den hai . isamean dhireandr baboo, b di moti, chhoti moti, sidhdeshvar devi, rasoolan baee, kashi baee, anavari begam, shaanta devi tatha is samay girija devi adi ka nam samast bharat mean b de gaurav evan samman ke sath liya jata hai . inake atirikt b de ramadas tatha shrichandr mishr, gayan kala mean apani sani nahian rakhate . tabala vadakoan mean kanthe maharaj, anokhe lal, gudee maharaj, krishnaa maharaj desh- videsh mean apana nam kar chuke haian . shahanaee vadan evan nrity mean bhi kashi mean nand lal, ustad bismilla khaan tatha sitara devi jaisi pratibhaean paida huee haian .

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kashi nagari sanskrit sahity ka keandr to rahi hi hai, lekin isake sath hi is nagar ne hiandi tatha urdoo mean anek sahityakaroan ko bhi janm diya hai, jinhoanne sahity seva ki tatha desh mean gaurav poorn sthan prapt kiya . inamean bharateandu harishchandr, ayodhyasianh upadhyay "hariaudh', jayashankar prasad, premachand, shyam suandar das, ray krishna das, achary ramachandr shukl, ramachandr varma, bechan sharma "ugr", vinodashankar vyas, krishnadev prasad gau d tatha d aau. sanpoornanand ullekhaniy haian . inake atirikt urdoo sahity mean bhi yahaan anek jane- mane lekhak evan shayar hue haian . jinamean mukhyatah shri vishvanath prasad shad, maulavi mahesh prasad, maharaj chetasianh, shekhali haji, aga hashr kashmiri, hukum chandr naiyar, pro. haphij banarasi, shri haq banarasi tatha najir banarasi ka nam ata hai.

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kashi ke karigaroan ke kala- kaushal ki khyati sudoor pradeshoan tak mean rahi hai. kashi ane vala koee bhi yatri yahaan ke reshami kimakhab tatha jari ke vasroan se prabhavit hue bina nahian rah sakata . yahaan ke bunakaroan ki paranparagat kushalata aur kalatmakata ne in vastuoan ko sansar bhar mean prasiddhi aur manyata dilayi hai . videsh vyapar mean isaki vishisht bhoomika hai . isake utpadan mean badhottari aur vishishtata se videshi mudra arjit karane mean b di saphalata mili hai . resham tatha jari ke udyog ke atirikt, yahaan pital ke bartan tatha un par manohari kam aur sanjarat udyog bhi apani kala aur sauandary ke lie vikhyat haian . isake alava yahaan ke lak di ke khilaune bhi door- door tak prasiddh haian, jinhean kutir udyogoan mean mahatvapoorn sthan prapt haian . kashi mean ganga tat par anek suandar ghat bane haian, jinamean asi, tulasi, hanuman, harishchandr, dashashvamedh, manamandir, manikarnika, siandhiya tatha rajaghat mukhy haian . ye sabhi ghat kisi- n-kisi pauranik ya dharmik katha se sanbandhit haian .

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kashi, paryatakoan ke lie akarshan ka keandr hai . yahaan anek dharmik, aitihasik evan suandar darshaniy sthal hai, jinhean dekhane ke lie desh ke hi nahian, sansar bhar se paryatak ate haian aur is nagari tatha yahaan ki sanskriti ki bhoori-bhoori prashansa karate haian . kala, sanskriti, sahity aur rajaniti ke vividh kshetroan mean apani alag pahachan banaye rakhane ke karan kashi any shaharoan ki apeksha apana vishisht sthan rakhati hai . desh ki rashtrabhasha hiandi ki janani sanskrit ki udbhav sthali kashi saanskritik ekata ka pratik hai .