अर्नेस्ट हेमिंग्वे

thumb|250px|arnest hemiangve arnest milar hemiangve (aangrezi: Ernest Miller Hemingway, janm- 21 julaee, 1899; mrityu- 2 julaee, 1961) ameriki upanyasakar, laghu kahani lekhak aur patrakar the. unaki arthik aur alpasankhyak shaili, jise unhoanne 'himashail siddhaant' kaha tha, usaka 20vian shatabdi ki kathaoan par ek majaboot prabhav p da, jabaki unaki sahasi jivan shaili aur sarvajanik chhavi ne unhean bad ki pidhiyoan mean prashansa dilaee. arnest hemiangve ne 1920 ke dashak ke madhy aur 1950 ke madhy ke bich apane adhikaansh karyoan ka nirman kiya aur 1954 mean sahity ka 'nobel puraskar' jita. unhoanne sat upanyas, chhah laghu katha sangrah aur do gair-kathaoan ke kam prakashit kie. unake tin upanyas, char laghu katha sangrah aur tin gair-katha karyoan ko maranoparaant prakashit kiya gaya. unake kee karyoan ko ameriki sahity ka klasiks mana jata hai.

parichay

arnest hemiangve ka janm 21 julaee, 1899 ko ok park, ilinois, sanyukt rajy amerika mean hua tha. unake pita klereans edamands hemiangve the jabaki mata ka nam tha gres h aaul hemiangve. san 1921 mean arnest hemiangve ne haidali richardasan se vivah kiya. yah jo da peris chala gaya, jahaan unhoanne ek videshi sanvadadata ke roop mean kam kiya aur 1920 ke dashak ke "adhunik pidhi" pravasi samuday ke adhunikatavadi lekhakoan aur kalakaroan ke prabhav mean p d ge. unaka pahala upanyas 'd san evar raij' 1926 mean prakashit hua. richardasan se 1927 ke talak ke bad arnest hemiangve ne p aaulin pephephar se vivah kiya. ve spenish grih yuddh se lautane ke bad talakashuda ho ge, jahaan vah ek patrakar the. vah 'ph aaur vham d bel tols' (1940) ke anubhav par adharit the. martha gelahorn 1940 mean unaki tisari patni ban geean; dvitiy vishv yuddh ke dauran landan mean mairi velsh se milane ke bad arnest hemiangve alag ho ge. vah normandi laiandiang aur peris ki mukti mean upasthit the.

lekhan kary

20vian ke dauran arnest hemiangve peris mean pravasi amerikiyoan ke samooh ke sadasy ban ge, jise unhoanne apane pahale mahatvapoorn upanyas 'd san evar raij' (1926) mean varnit kiya. yuddh mean ek ameriki embuleans adhikari ke bhram aur ek nirashajanak ke roop mean unaki bhoomika ka adhyayan, 'arms ke lie ek vidaee' (1929) bhi utana hi saphal tha. arnest hemiangve ne spen mean grihayuddh ke dauran apane sabase mahatvakaankshi upanyas 'ph aaur vham d bel t aauls' (1940) ke lie prishthabhoomi ke roop mean ek sanvadadata ke roop mean apane anubhavoan ka upayog kiya. apane bad ke upanyasoan mean sabase utkrisht laghu upanyas 'd old main eand d si' (1952), 'purane machhuare ki yatra ki kahani', machhali aur samudr ke sath unake lanbe aur akele sangharsh aur har mean unaki jit hai.

san 1918 mean arnest hemiangve italavi yuddh mean embuleans draivar ke roop mean pratham vishv yuddh mean seva karane ke lie videsh ge. unaki seva ke lie unhean bahaduri ke italavi rajat padak se sammanit kiya gaya, lekin jald hi unhean chot lag gee. vah milan ke ek astapal mean bharti hue. vahaan unhoanne egnes v aaun kurovski nam ki ek nars se mulakat ki, jinhoanne jald hi shadi ke prastav ko svikar kar liya, lekin bad mean unhean kisi any vyakti ke lie chho d diya. isane yuva lekhak ko tabah kar diya. 20 sal ki umr mean apani chot ki dekhabhal aur yuddh ki kroorata se thik hone ke bad arnest hemiangve sanyukt rajy amerika laut aye aur toranto star mean naukari lene se pahale uttari mishigan mean samay bitaya.

arnest hemiangve ne sangharshapoorn jivan jiya bhi aur dekha bhi. sath hi mrityu ko bhi anek bar nikat se dekha. yuddh kshetr ka unhean vyapak anubhav tha. apani duravastha mean lagabhag 8 sal tak unhoanne machhali marane ka kary bhi kiya tha. in sab anubhavoan ka unhoanne rachanatmak upayog kiya hai. unako philm ke lie kahani likhane tatha philm banavane ka bhi shauk tha. is tarah ki kahaniyoan mean 'maikombar' aur 'kilar' (hatyare) behad prasiddh hueean. unaki kahani 'phaॅr hoom di bel taॅls' tatha 'di snoz aauph kilimanjaro' par bhi philmean banian.

nobel puraskar

san 1950 mean prakashit 'akr aaus d rivar eand in too d triz' mean unhoanne mrityu ka varnan kar apani hi mrityu ki kalpana ki hai. yah pustak bhi bestaselar siddh huee thi. 1954 mean unaki sansar prasiddh rachana 'di old main eand d si' (boodha machhuara aur samudr) prakashit huee aur isi rachana par unhean 'nobel puraskar' prapt hua. arnest hemiangve ki is rachana ko n keval unaki sarvashreshth rachana ghoshit kiya gaya hai balki is rachana mean varnit boodhe machhuare ki jijivisha evan sangharsh apane ap mean prerana ke ek pratik ka roop le chuka hai. samany vyakti se lekar rachanakaroan tak ne is rachana se prerana li hai tatha us rachanatmak pratik ka upayog bhi kiya hai. hindi ke suprasiddh upanyasakar amritalal nagar ne apani sarvottam rachanaoan mean se ek 'amrit aur vish' mean boodhe machhuare ke us bianb ka prayog karate hue rachanatmak abhar svikar kiya hai.

mukhy rachanaean

1. phaॅr hoom di bel taॅls (ghanta kisake lie bajata hai)
2. d rivar eand in too d triz (nadi ke par nikuanj mean)
3. in avar taim (hamare samay mean)
4. san also raijej (sooraj bhi ugata hai)
5. main vidaut vomen (stri ke bina purush)
6. vinars tek nathiang (vijeta kuchh nahian lete)
7. di old main eand d si (boodha machhuara aur samudr)
8. thri storij eand ten poyams (tin kahaniyaan aur das kavitaean)
9. haiv end haiv naॅt (amir aur sarvahara)
10. deth in d aphtaranoon (dopahar ke bad maut)
11. d grin hils aauph aphrika (aphrika ki harit paha diyaan)

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• kraantikari arnest hemiangve