आयुर्विज्ञान

ayurvijnan vijnan ki vah shakha hai, jisaka sanbandh manav sharir ko nirog rakhane, rog ho jane par rog se mukt karane athava usaka nidan karane tatha ayu badhane se hai. bharat ayurvijnan ka janmadata hai. apane prarambhik samay mean ayurvijnan ka adhyayan jiv vijnan ki ek shakha ke saman hi kiya gaya tha. bad mean 'sharir rachana' tatha 'sharir kriya vijnan' adi ko isaka adhar banaya gaya.

janm

ayurvijnan ka janm bharat mean kee hazar varsh ee.poo. mean hua tha, parantu pashchaty vidvanoan ka mat hai ki vaijnanik ayurvijnan ka janm ee.poo. chauthi shatabdi mean yoonan mean hua tha aur lagabhag 600 varsh bad usaki mrityu rom mean huee. isake lagabhag 1500 varsh pashchath vijnan ke vikas ke sath usaka punarjanm hua. yoonani ayurved ka janmadata 'hippokretiz' tha, jisane usako adhidaivik rahasyavad ke aandhakoop se nikalakar apane upayukt sthan par sthapit kiya. usane bataya ki rog ki rokatham tatha usase mukti dilane mean devi-devataoan ka hath nahian hota hai. usane taantrik vishvasoan aur vaisi chikitsa ka aant kar diya. usake pashchath gat shatabdiyoan mean samay-samay par anek khojakartaoan ne navin khojean karake is vijnan ko aur bhi unnat kiya.

prarambhik adhyyan tatha khojean

shuruat mean ayurvijnan ka adhyayan jiv vijnan ki ek shakha ki bhaanti kiya gaya aur 'sharir rachana vijnan' tatha 'sharir kriya vijnan' ko isaka adhar banaya gaya. sharir mean hone vali kriyaoan ke jnan se pata laga ki unaka roop bahut kuchh rasayanik hai aur ye ghatanaean rasanik kriyaoan ke phal haian. jaise-jaise khojean hoti geean, vaise-vaise hi sharir ki ghatanaoan ka rasayanik roop samane ata gaya. is prakar rasayan vijnan ka itana mahatv badha ki vah ayurvijnan ki ek prithakh shakha ban gaya, jisaka nam 'jiv rasayan' rakha gaya. isake dvara n keval sharirik ghatanaoan ka roop spasht hua, apitu rogoan ki utpatti tatha unake pratirodh ki vidhiyaan bhi nikal aeean. sath hi bhautik vijnan ne bhi sharirik ghatanaoan ko bhali-bhaanti samajhane mean bahut sahayata di. yah jnat hua ki anek ghatanaean bhautik niyamoan ke anusar hi hoti haian. ab jiv rasayan ki bhaanti jiv bhautiki bhi ayurvijnan ka ek aang ban gee aur usase bhi rogoan ki utpatti ko samajhane mean tatha unaka pratirodh karane mean bahut sahayata mili. vijnan ki any shakhaoan se bhi rogarodhan tatha chikitsa mean bahut sahayata mili hai, aur in sabake sahayog se manushy ke kalyan mean bahut pragati huee hai, jisake phalasvaroop manav ka jivanakal badh gaya hai.

vibhajan

sharir, sharirik ghatanaoan aur rog sanbandhi aantarik kriyaoan ka sookshm jnan prapt karane mean anek prakar ki prayogik vidhiyoan aur yantroan se, jo samay-samay par banate rahe, unase bahut sahayata mili hai. kiantu is gahan adhyayan ka parinam yah hua ki ayurvijnan anek shakhaoan mean vibhakt ho gaya aur pratyek shakha mean itani khoj huee hai, navin upakaran bane haian tatha prayogik vidhiyaan jnat ki gee haian ki koee bhi vidvanh ya vidyarthi un sab se poornataya parichit nahian ho sakata hai. din-pratidin chikitsak ko prayogashalaoan tatha yantroan par nirbhar rahana p data hai aur yah nirbharata uttarottar badhati hi ja rahi hai.

uddeshy

pratyek shiksha ka mukhy uddeshy manushy ka manasik vikas hota hai, jisase usamean tark karake samajhane aur tadanusar apane bhavoan ko prakat karane tatha karyanvit karane ki shakti utpann ho sake. ayurvijnan ki shiksha ka bhi yahi uddeshy hai. isake lie sab ayurvijnan ke vidyarthiyoan mean vidyarthi ko up-snatak ke roop mean paanch varsh bitane p date haian. ayurvijnan vidyalayoan mean vidyarthiyoan ka adhar vijnanoan ka adhyayan karake uchch madhyamik shiksha prapt karane par bharati kiya jata hai. isake bad pratham do varsh vidyarthi sharir rachana tatha sharir kriya namak adhar vijnanoan ka adhyayan karata hai, jisase usako sharir ki svabhavik dasha ka jnan ho jata hai.

isake pashchath tin varsh rogoan ke karan in svabhavik dashaoan ki vikritiyaan ka jnan pane tatha unaki chikitsa ki riti sikhane mean vyatit hote haian. rogoan ko rokane ke upay tatha bheshajavaidhik ka bhi, jo is vijnan ki niti sanbandhi shakha hai, vah isi kal mean adhyayan karata hai. in paanch varshoan ke adhyayan ke pashchath vah snatak banata hai. isake pashchath vah ek varsh tak apani ruchi ke anusar kisi vibhag mean kam karata hai aur us vishay ka kriyatmak jnan prapt karata hai. tatpashchath vah snatakottar shikshan mean diploma ya digri lene ke lie kisi vibhag mean bharati ho sakata hai.

vishvavidyalay se sambaddhata

sab ayurvijnan vidyalay (medikal k aaulej) kisi n kisi vishvavidyalay se sanbandhit hote haian, jo unaki parikshaoan tatha shikshan kram ka sanchalan karata hai aur jisaka uddeshy vijnan ke vidyarthiyoan mean tark ki shakti utpann karana aur vijnan ke ne rahasyoan ka udghatan karana hota hai. ayurvijnan vidyalayoan ke pratyek shikshak tatha vidyarthi ka bhi uddeshy yahi hona chahie ki use rog-nivarak nee vastuoan ki khoj karake is artinashak kala ki unnati karane ki cheshta karani chahie. itana hi nahian, shikshakoan ka jivan lakshy yah bhi hona chahie ki vah aise anveshak utpann karean.

chikitsa pranali

chikitsa paddhati ka keandr stanbh vah samany chikitsak hai, jo janata ya parivaroan ke ghanishth sanpark mean rahata hai tatha avashyakata p dane par unaki sahayata karata hai. vah apane rogiyoan ka mitr tatha paramarshadata hota hai aur samay par unhean darshanik saantvana dene ka prayatn karata hai. vah rog sanbandhi sadharan samasyaoan se parichit hota hai tatha dooravarti sthanoan, gaanvoan ityadi, mean jakar rogiyoan ki seva karata hai. yahaan usako sahayata ke ve sab upakaran nahian prapt hote, jo usane shikshan kal mean dekhe the aur jinaka prayog usane sikha tha. b de nagaroan mean ye bahut kuchh upalabdh ho jate haian. avashyakata p dane par usako visheshajn se sahayata leni p dati hai ya rogi ko aspatal mean bhejana hota hai. ajakal is vijnan ki kisi ek shakha ka vishesh adhyayan karake kuchh chikitsak visheshajn ho jate haian. is prakar hriday ke rog, manasik rog, asthi rog, bal rog adi mean visheshajnoan dvara vishisht chikitsa upalabdh hai.

arth ka vyay

ajakal chikitsa ka vyay bahut badh gaya hai. rog ke nidan ke lie avashyak parikshaean, moolyavanh‌ aushadhiyaan, chikitsa ki vidhiyaan aur upakaran isake mukhy karan haian. adhunik ayurvijnan ke karan janata ka jivanakal bhi badh gaya hai, parantu aushadhiyoan par bahut vyay hota hai. khed hai ki vartaman arthik dashaoan ke karan uchit upachar sadharan manushy ki samarthy ke bahar ho gaya hai.

ayurvijnan aur samaj

chikitsa vijnan ki shakti ab bahut badh gee hai aur nirantar badhati ja rahi hai. ajakal garbh-nirodh kiya ja sakata hai. garbh ka aant bhi ho sakata hai. pi da ka shaman, bahut kal tak moorchhavastha mean rakhana, anek sankramak rogoan ki saphal chikitsa, sahaj pravrittiyoan ka daman aur vriddhi, aushadhiyoan dvara bhavoan ka parivartan, shaly kriya dvara vyaktitv par prabhav adi sab sanbhav ho ge haian. manushy ka jivanakal adhik ho gaya hai. din-pratidin navin aushadhiyaan nikal rahi haian; rogoan ka karan jnat ho raha hai; unaki chikitsa jnat ki ja rahi hai. samajavad ke is yug mean is badhati huee shakti ka is prakar prayog karana uchit hai ki isase rajy, chikitsak tatha rogi tinoan ko labh ho. sarakar ke svasthy sanbandhi tin pramukh kary haian-

1. janata mean rogoan ko phailane n dena.
2. janata ki svasthyavriddhi, jisake lie upayukt bhojan, shuddh jal, rahane ke lie upayukt sthan tatha nagar ki svachchhata avashyak hai.
3. rogagrast hone par chikitsa sanbandhi upayukt aur uttam sahayata upalabdh karana.

in tinoan uddeshyoan ki poorti mean chikitsak ka bahut b da sthan aur uttaradayitv hota hai.

adhunik samay mean chikitsa vijnan

ayurvijnan aantardeshiy star par bahut samay poorv pahuanch chuka tha aur jan p data hai ki ab vah aantargrahiy avastha par pahuanchane vala hai. akash yatra ka sharir par jo prabhav p data hai, usaka vishesh adhyayan ho raha hai. age chalakar yah atyant upayogi pramanit ho sakata hai. is sanbandh mean anek prashnoan ka abhi santoshajanak uttar pana shesh hai. brahmand ki rashmiyoan ka sharir par prabhav, gurutvakarshanarahit avastha ka manushy ki pratikshep kriyaoan par prabhav, abharata ke mandal mean bahut samay tak nivas karane aur sharirik kriyaoan mean sanbandh adi anek aise prashn haian, jin par khoj ho rahi hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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