जन्म दर

janm dar ek kaileandar varsh mean prati sahasr janasankhya mean ghatit hone vali lekhabaddh jivitajat sankhya hai. kisi desh ki svasthy dasha ki vastavik janakari prapt karane ke liye tatha usaki kramonnati athava avanati ka pata lagane ke lie nana prakar ke janmamaran ke aank doan mean desh ki janasankhya, janmasankhya, mrityusankhya adi haian. vivah, shiksha, vyavasay, ay vyay adi anek anek arthashastriy aur samajashastriy aank de bhi upayogi hote haian.

janm-maran ka lekha

desh ke vibhinn nagaroan tatha gramoan mean sarvatr pratyek vyakti ke janm-maran ka nagarapalika, gram panchayat tatha any nikayoan dvara lekha rakha jata hai. parivar ke mukhy sadasy dvara janmamaran ki soochana dena anivary hai. is prakar ke prapt aank doan ke tulanatmak adhyayan dvara janata ki svasthy dasha ki janakari prapt ki jati hai. do ya adhik sthanoan ki janasankhya ki nyoonadhikata ke adhar par paraspar tulana ki ja sakati. jis sthan ki janasankhya adhik hogi vahaan adhik balak janm leange. is karan janasankhya ki apeksha janm dar dvara tulana karana adhik samichin hota hai, jo janmasankhya aur janmasankhya ke paraspar anupat ke adhar par nirdharit ki jati hai.

janaganana

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kisi nagar ya vishesh gram ki janmasankhya ka pata janaganana dvara lagaya jata hai, jo prati das varsh ke aantar par vyavasthit riti se ki jati hai. us sthan mean prati varsh pahili janavari se ikatis disanbar tak poore varsh bhar mean jivit avastha mean janm lenevale sabhi balak-balikaoan ki sankhya nagarapalika tatha gram panchayat se prapt ki jati hai. jis balak ne janmate hi ek bar bhi saans liya ho vah jivitajat mana jata hai, bhale hi vah kuchh hi der bad mar jae. uparyukt janasankhya tatha janmasankhya ke aank doan se sadharan ganit dvara janm dar ka parikalan kiya jata hai.

janaganana prati das varsh mean ek bar ki jati hai. janmamaran tatha avagaman ke karan janmasankhya nirantar ghatati-badhati rahati hai. is karan sanh‌ 1961 ee. ki janaganana ke aank doan ka 1963 ee. mean upayog karana thik nahian ho sakata. isi prakar kisi varsh ki pahali janavari ki janasankhya usi varsh ke 365 din pashchath‌ ikatis disanbar ko nahi vyavahrit ho sakati. is kathinaee ko door karane ke lie prati varsh tis joon ki madhyavargiy janasankhya ka parikalan kiya jata hai aur janmamaran sanbandhi anupatoan mean isi madhyavarshiy anumanit janasankhya ka upayog kiya jata hai. gat do dashakoan ki janagananaoan mean prapt janasankhya ki ghatabadhi ke adhar par madhyavarshiy janasankhya ka parikalan kiya jata hai. parikalan karate samay yah parikalpana ki jati hai ki gat dashak mean janasankhya mean jo pheraphar hua haian, chaloo dashak mean bhi yathavath‌ vidyaman raha hai. ==janm dar nikalane ka sootr madhyavarshiy janasankhya ke adhar par janm dar nikalane ka sootr is prakar hai :

kisi sthan ki varsh vishesh ki janmadar=(us varsh mean jivit jat balakoan ki sankhya*1000)/30 joon ki madhyavarshiy janasankhya

poore varsh bhar ki janasankhya ke sthan mean yadi ek saptah athava mas (char saptah athava 28 din ka mas aur 52 saptah ka varsh) mean lekhabaddh janmasankhya ke adhar par jo janm dar ganit dvara nikali jati hai, use nimnalikhit sootr se poore varsh ki janm dar ka roop diya jata hai.

saptahagat janm dar=(saptah mean ghatit jivitatajat balakoan ki sankhya 1000*365)/(30 joon ki madhyavarshiy janasankhya*7)

masagat janm dar=(char saptah mean ghatit jivitatajat balakoan ki sankhya 1000*365)/(30 joon ki madhyavarshiy janasankhya*28)

kisi sthan vishesh ki lekhabaddh janmasankhya sarvatha shuddh nahian hoti. b de b de nagaroan mean chikitsalayoan ki suvidha hone ke karan door aur pas ke any sthanoan ki anek mataoan ki prasav kriya chikitsalayoan mean hoti hai. vastavik janm dar to usi sthan ke nivasiyoan se sanbandhit honi chahie. any sthanoan ke nivasiyoan mean hone vale prasavoan ki gunana unake mool nivasasthan mean hi ki jani chahie, kiantu bharat mean is prakar ka nivasasthanik sanshodhan kathin jan kar nahian kiya jata. nivasasthan sanbandhi sanshodhan n karane ke karan is desh mean asanshodhit janm dar ka hi chalan hai.

prasavan dar

janasankhya ki ghata badhi mean chhote b de sabhi stri purush saman roop se yogadan nahian karate. yah ghata-badhi vastav mean prasav dharan yogy 15 se 45 varsh ki striyoan ki sankhya par nirbhar hai. udyog dhandhoan mean vyast shramik varg apane parivar ko gramoan mean chho dakar svayan jivikoparjan ke liye audyogik kshetroan mean ja basate haian. is karan aise sthanoan ka stri-purush anupat big d jata hai aur any dar mean aantar a jata hai. isaliye vastavik janmadar ki ganana prati sahasr janasankhya ke anupat ke badale prati sahasr 15 se 45 varsh ki ay ki striyoan ki sankhya ke adhar par ki jani chahie. aisa kiya bhi jata hai, kiantu use samanyat: prachalit janm dar ki sanjna n dekar prasavan dar kaha jata hai. yah anupat is prakar soochit kiya jata hai :

prasavan dar=(kaileandar varsh mean jivitatajat balakoan ki sankhya*1000)/(15 se 45 varsh ki striyoan ki madhyavarshiy sankhya)

puanstvanupat

balak tatha balikaoan ki janm darean prithakh‌ roop se bhi nikali jati haian, kiantu navajat balak tatha balikaoan ki sankhya ke paraspar anupat ki ganana adhik upayog mean laee jati hai. is anupat ko puanstvanupat kahate haian jo is prakar soochit kiya jata hai -

puanstvanupat=(varshabhar mean balakoan ki janmasankhya*1000)/(varshabhar mean balikaoan ki janmasankhya)

jis prakar balak tatha balikaoan ki janm darean prithakh‌ roop se nikali jati haian, usi prakar auras aur jaraj santanoan ki janm darean bhi nikali ja sakati haian, jisaki ganana is prakar hoti hai : auras janmadar=(varshabhar mean auras ki janmasankhya*1000)/(15 se 45 varsh ki vivahita striyoan ki sankhya)

jaraj janmadar=(varshabhar mean jaraj santanoan ki janmasankhya*1000)/(15 se 45 varsh ki avivahita aur vidhavaoan ki sankhya)

kiantu sugamata ke liye jaraj janm dar ki apeksha usaki sanpoorn janmasankhya ka prati shat anupat ho adhik upayukt hota hai.

jaraj pratishat anupat=(varsh mean jaraj santanoan ki janmasankhya*1000)/(lekhabaddh jivitajat balakoan ki sankhya)

mritajat dar

mritajat santanoan ki sankhya janmasankhya mean sammilit nahian ki jati. garbhadharan ke atthaees saptah ke pashchanh‌ hone vale mrit balak ka janm mritajat janm kaha jata hai. athh‌thaees saptah ke poorv hone vale prasav mean jivit balak ke janm ki sanbhavana nahian hoti. mrit jat ki ganana janm tatha mrityu donoan lekhaan mean n kar use prithakh‌ roop se mritajat shirshak ke aantargat janmasankhya ke lekhe mean likha jata hai. mritajat santanoan ka anupat is prakar nikala jata hai :

mritajat dar=(varsh mean jaraj mritajat ki sankhya*1000)/(jivitajat balakoan ki sankhya)

janm dar ki ghata-badhi ke kee karan hote haian. adhikaansh janm mata pita ki vivahita avastha mean hone ke karan janm dar vivahit vyaktiyoan ki sankhya par nirbhar hoti hai. isake atirikt mataoan ki prajanan shakti, parivar mean baanchhaniy santan sanbandhi prachalit dharana, vivah ke samay ki ayu, avivahita striyoan ki sankhya, sahagaman ki suvidha adi ka janm dar par vyapak prabhav p data hai. santati-nirodh ke upayoan ka chalan bhi janm dar mean kami ka karan hai. lagabhag 100 varsh poorv ianglaiand mean 35 prati shat parivaroan mean ath ya usase adhik satanean hoti thian aur 20 prati shat mean keval do ya tin. kiantu ab to paanch sat santanoan ke sthan mean ek ya do hi hoti haian. apekshit santan sankhya mean yah kami ianglaiand nivasiyoan ko khatakati hai.

shiksha, udyog, vanijy-vyavasay ki unnati dvara jivan star mean uttarottar sudhar hone se janm dar mean kami hoti dekhi gee hai.

bharat mean janm dar mean koee vishesh kami nahian paee jati, sankramak rogoan ki rok tham ke phalasvaroop mrityu dar mean jo kabhi drishtigochar hoti hai, usake anupat mean janm dar mean kami nahian huee. bal mrityu dar mean kami hone se pratyashit jivan kal ki avadhi mean vriddhi huee. desh ki janasankhya prabal veg se badh rahi hai aur samast janata ke lie avashyak jivanopayogi sadhan jutana nirantar kathin hota ja raha hai. janm dar mean kami hona deshahit mean bahut avashyak hai aur is mahatkary ko uchchakoti ki prathamikata di gee hai. parivar niyojan athava parisiman dvara is uddeshy ki poorti sanbhav hai. parivar niyojan vastut: santati nirodh nahian hai. isaka mukhy uddeshy mataoan ki svasthy raksha ke atirikt avaanchhit athava anavashyak bahuprajananata ka samaj sammat upayoan se niyantran kar parivar ki sadasy sankhya ko arthik sthiti ke anusar simit karana hai, jisase bharanaposhan, shiksha, svasthy aur sukhi jivan ke samast sadhan sabako yathochit matra mean prapt ho sakean aur sabaka poornat: suvyavasthit vikas ho sake.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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