आकाश

akash kisi bhi khagoliy pind (jaise dharati) ke vahy antariksh ka vah bhag hai jo us pind ke satah se dikhaee deta hai. anek karanoan se ise paribhashit karana kathin hai. din ke prakash mean prithvi ka akash gahare-nile rang ke satah jaisa pratit hota hai jo hava ke kanoan dvara prakash ke prakirnan ke parinamasvaroop ghatit hota hai. jabaki ratri mean hame dharati ka akash taroan se bhara hua kale rang ka satah jaisa jan p data hai. asaman ka rang usake nahian hote hai. soory se ane vale prakash jab akash mean upasthit dhool ityadi se milata hai to vah phail jata hai. nila rang tarang dairdhy ke karan any rangoan ki apeksha mean adhik phailata hai.

akash ke any nam

1. nabh
2. asaman
3. ambar
4. vyom
5. nilambar
6. gagan

akash tattv

• vaisheshik sootrakar kanad ne prithvi, jal, tej aur vayu ki paribhasha mukhyat: unamean samavay sambandh se vidyaman pramukh gunoan ke adhar par sakaratmak vidhi se ki, kintu akash ki paribhasha ka avasar ane par kanad ne arambh mean nakaratmak vidhi se yah kaha ki akash vah hai jisamean roop, ras, gandh aur sparsh namak gun nahian rahate. kintu bad mean unhoanne yah bataya ki parisheshanuman se yah siddh hota hai ki akash vah hai, jo shabd ka ashray hai.
• prashastapad ke kathanoan ka ashay bhi yah hai ki akash vah hai, jisaka vyapak shabd hai. akash ek paribhashik sanjna hai arthat akash ko 'akash' bina kisi nimitt ke vaise hi kaha gaya hai, jaise ki vyaktivachak sanjna ke roop mean kisi balak ko devadatt kah diya jata hai. at: 'akashatv' jaisi koee jati (samany) usamean nahian hai. jis prakar se prithvi ghat ka karyarambhak dravy hai, us prakar se akash kisi avantar dravy ka arambhak nahian hota. jaisi prithvitv ki parajati (vyapak samany) dravyatv hai aur aparajati (vyapy samany) ghatatv hai, vaisi parajati hone par bhi koee aparajati akash ki nahian hai. yadyapi gun aur karm ki apeksha se bhi aparajati ki pratiti ka vidhan hai, kintu akash mean shabd adi jo chh: gun bataye ge haian, ve samany gun haian. at: unamean aparajati ka ghatakatv nahian mana ja sakata. shabd vishesh gun hote hue bhi anek dravyoan ka gun nahian hai. at: vah jati ka ghatak nahian hota. is prakar anek vrittita n hone ke karan akash mean 'akashatv' namak samany ki avadharana nahian ki ja sakati.
• kintu uparyukt mantavy ka khyapan karane ke anantar bhi prashastapad yah kahate haian ki akash mean shabd, sankhya, pariman, prithaktv, sanyag aur vibhag ye chh: gun vidyaman haian aur pariganit gunoan mean shabd ko sarvapratham rakhate haian, jisase vaisheshik ke uttaravarti acharyoan ne bhi kanad aur prashastapad ke ashayoan ke anuroop shabd ko parisheshanuman ke adhar par akash ka pramukh gun man liya aur is prakar annanbhatt ne antat: akash ki yah paribhasha ki 'shabdagunakamh akashamh' arthat jis dravy mean shabd namak gun rahata hai vah akash hai. akash ek hai, nity hai aur vibhu hai. akash ki n to utpatti hoti hai aur n nash, vah akhand dravy hai, usake avayav nahian hote. akash ka pratyaksh jnan nahian hota. usaka jnan parisheshanuman se hota hai. 'ih pakshi' adi udaharanoan ke adhar par mimaansakoan ne akash ko pratyakshagamy mana hai, kintu vaisheshikoan ke anusar 'ih pakshi' adi kathan akash ka nahian, apitu alokamandal ka sanket karate haian. at: akash, shabd dvara anumey dravy hai.
• vaisheshikoan ke anusar shabd ka gun hai, gun ka ashray koee n koee dravy hota hai. prithvi adi any ath dravy shabd ke ashray nahian haian. at: akash ke atirikt koee dravyantar ashray ke roop mean upalabdh n hone ke karan akash ko parisheshanuman se shabdagun ka ashray mana gaya hai. akash ka koee samavayi, asamavayi aur nimitt karan nahian hai. shabd usaka jnapak hetu hai, karak nahian.
• bhatt mimaansak shabd ko gun nahian apitu dravy manate haian. kintu vaisheshikoan ke anusar shabd ka dravyatv siddh nahian hota. sootrakar kanad ne yah spasht roop se kaha hai ki dravy vah hota hai, jisake keval ek hi nahian, apitu anek samavayikaran hoan. shabd ka keval ek samavayikaran hai, vah akash hai. at: shabd ekadravyashrayi gun hai. vah dravy nahian hai, apitu dravy se bhinn hai aur gun ki koti mean ata hai. is prakar vaisheshik nayanusar akash prithakh roop se ek vibhu aur nity dravy hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh