आगरा

agara / Agra

tajamahal, agara
Tajmahal, Agra|thumb|250px agara uttar pradesh prant ka ek zila shahar v tahasil hai. agara 27.18° uttar 78.02° poorv mean yamuna nadi ke tat par sthit hai. samudr-tal se isaki ausat ooanchaee qarib 171 mitar (561 fit) hai. yah uttar mean mathura, dakshin mean dhaulapur, poorv mean firozabad, shikohabad, dakshinapoorv mean fatehabad aur pashchim mean bharatapur se ghira hua hai. agara uttar pradesh ka tisara sabase b da shahar hai. tajamahal agara ki pahachan hai aur yah yamuna nadi ke kinare basa hai.

agraban ya agravan

agara ek aitihasik nagar hai, jisaka praman yah apane charoan or samete hue hai. itihas me pahala zikr agara ka mahabharat ke samay se mana jata hai, jab ise agraban ya agravan ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata tha. kahate haian ki pahale yah nagar ary grah ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. taulami<balloon title="Ptolmi 2nd century A.D." style=color:blue>*</balloon> pahala jnat vyakti tha jisane ise agara nam se sanbodhit kiya.

aitihasik tathy

mugalakal ke is prasiddh nagar ki nianv dilli ke sultan sikandarashah lodi ne 1504 ee॰ mean dali thi. isane apane shasanakal mean hone vale vidrohoan ko bhali bhaanti dabane ke lie vartaman agara ke sthan par ek sainik chhavani banaee thi jisake dvara use itava, bayana, kol, gvaliyar aur dhaulapur ke vidrohiyoan ko dabane mean sahayata mili. makhajan-e-aphagan ke lekhak ke anusar sulatan sikandar ne kuchh chatur ayuktoan ko dilli, itava aur chaandavar ke as-pas ke ilake mean kisi upayukt sthan par sainik chhavani banane ka kam sauanpa tha aur unhoanne kaphi chhanabin ke pashchat is sthan (agara) ko chuna tha. ab tak agara ya agravan keval ek chhota-sa gaanv tha jise brajamandal ke chaurasi vanoan mean agrani mana jata tha. shighr hi isake sthan par ek bhavy nagar kh da ho gaya. kuchh din bad sikandar bhi yahaan akar rahane laga. tarikh-daoodi ke lekhak ke anusar sikandar pray: agara mean hi raha karata tha.

akabar aur agara

1505 ee॰ mean ravivar, julaee 7 ko agara mean ek vikat bhookanp aya jisane ek varsh pahale hi base hue nagar ke anek suandar bhavanoan ko dharashayi kar diya. makhajan ke lekhak ke anusar bhooankap itana bhayanak tha ki usake dhakke se imaratoan ka to kahana hi kya, paha d tak gir ge the aur pralay ka sa drishy dikhaee dene laga tha. isake pashchat agara ki unnati akabar ke samay mean praranbh huee. 1565 ee॰ mean usane yahaan lal patthar ka qila banavana shuroo kiya jo ath varshoan mean taiyar hua. ab tak isake sthan par eetoan ka bana hua ek chhota-sa qila tha jo khandahar ho chala tha. akabar ke kile ko banane vala tin hajari manasabadar kasim khaan tha aur isake nirman ka vyay 35 lakh roopaya tha. kile ki nianv bhoomigat pani tak gahari hai. isake pattharoan ko masale ke sath-sath lohe ke chhalloan se bhi jo d kar sudridh banaya gaya hai. akabar ne apane shasan ke praranbh mean hi phatehapur sikari ko apani rajadhani banaya tha kiantu 1586 ee॰ mean akabar pun: apani rajadhani agara le aya tha. jahaangir ke rajyakal mean aur shahajahaan ke shasan ke praranbhik varshoan mean agara mean hi rajadhani rahi. is jamane mean yahaan kile ki aandar ki suandar imaratean-moti masjid aur aitamaddaula ka maqabara (jisaka nirman noorajahaan ne karavaya tha) bana. shahajahaan ne agara ko chho dakar dilli mean apani rajadhani banaee. isi samay agara mean vishvavishrut tajamahal ka nirman hua.

agara mean vastukala

• agara mean mugal vastukala ke poorv aur uttarakalin donoan roopoan ke udaharan milate haian.
• akabar ke samay tak jo imaratean mugaloan ne banavaeean ve vishal, bhavy aur vistirn haian, jaise phatehapur sikari ke bhavan ya dilli mean humayuan ka maqabara.
• noorajahaan ke banavae hue aitamaddaula ke makabare mean pahali bar patthar par barik nakkashi aur pachchikari ka kam kiya gaya.
• us kala ka janm hua jo vikasit hote hue tajamahal ke abhootapoorv vastushilp mean prasphutit huee.
• tajamahal mean bhavy tatha sookshm donoan kala pakshoan ka adbhut mel hai jo use sansar ki sarvashreshth imaratoan mean pramukh sthan dilata hai.
• shahajahaan ke dilli chale jane ke pashchat agara phir kabhi mugaloan ki rajadhani n ban saka yadyapi yah nagar mugalakal ka ek pramukh nagar to aant tak bana hi raha.