भारत

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40px	panna banane ki prakriya mean hai. ap isako taiyar karane mean sahayata kar sakate haian.

bharat / India

bharat duniyaan ki sabase purani sabhh‍yataoan mean se ek haian, jo 4,000 se adhik varshoan se chali a rahi hai aur jisane anek riti-rivazoan aur paramh‍paraoan ka sangam dekha hai. yah desh ki samriddh sansh‍kriti aur virasat ka parichayak hai. azadi ke bad 62 varshoan mean bharat ne samajik aur arthik pragati ki hai. bharat krishi mean ath‍manirbhar desh hai aur audyogikaran mean bhi vishv ke chune hue deshoan mean bhi isaki ginati ki jati hai. yah un deshoan mean se ek hai, jo chaand par pahuanch chuke haian aur paramanu shakti sanpann haian. bharat ka kul kshetraphal 32,87,263 varg ki.mi. hai, jo himachh‍chhadit himalay ki bulandiyoan se dakshin ke vishuvatiy varsha vanoan tak vistrit hai. kshetraphal mean vishh‍v ka satavaan b da desh hone ke karan bharat eshiya mahadvip mean alag dikhayi deta hai. isaki sarahadean himalay parvat aur samudroan ne baandhi hai, jo ise ek vishishh‍t bhaugolik pahachan dete haian. uttar mean brihath himalay ki parvat shrriankhala se ghira yah desh kark rekha se age sankara hota chala jata hai. poorv mean bangal ki kha di, pashchim mean arab sagar tatha dakshin mean hinh‍d mahasagar isaki simaoan ka nirdharan karate haian.
uth‍tari golardh mean sthit bharat ki mukhh‍yabhoomi 8 digri 4 minat aur 37 digri 6 minat uth‍tari akshaansh aur 68 digri 7 minat tatha 97 digri 25 minat poorvi deshanh‍tar ke bich sthit hai . uth‍tar se dakshin tak isaki adhikatam lanbaee 3,214 ki.mi. aur poorv se pashchim tak adhikatam chau daee 2,933 ki.mi. hai. isaki zamini simaoan ki lanbaee lagabhag 15,200 ki.mi. aur tatarekha ki kul lamh‍baee 7,516.6 ki.mi hai. yah uth‍tar mean himalay parvat, poorv mean bangal ki kha di, pashchim mean arab sagar tatha dakshin mean hiand mahasagar se ghira hua hai.

bhautik visheshataean

thumb|15 agast 1947 ka akhabar
Newspaper Of 15th August 1947 mukhh‍y bhoobhag mean char kshetr haian, namat: mahaparvat kshetr, ganga aur siandhu nadi ke maidani kshetr aur maroosh‍thali kshetr aur dakshini prayadvip.

himalay ki tin shrriankhalaean haian, jo lagabhag samanaantar phaili huee haian. isake bich b de - b de pathar aur ghatiyaan haian, inamean kashh‍mir aur kulh‍loo jaisi kuchh ghatiyaan upajaoo, vish‍trit aur prakritik sauandary se bharapoor haian. sansar ki sabase ooanchi chotiyoan mean se kuchh inh‍hian parvat shrriankhalaoan mean haian. adhik ooanchaee ke karan ana -jana keval kuchh hi darroan se ho pata hai, jinamean mukhh‍y haian -

• chuanbi ghati se hote hue mukhh‍y bharat-tibh‍bat vh‍yapar marg par jelap la aur nathoo-la darre
• uttar-poorv darjiliang
• kalh‍pana (kinh‍naur) ke uttar - poorv mean sataluj ghati mean shipaki la darra

parvatiy divar lagabhag 2,400 ki.mi. ki doori tak phaili hai, jo 240 ki.mi. se 320 ki.mi. tak chau di hai. poorv mean bharat tatha mh‍yaanmar aur bharat evan bangaladesh ke bich mean paha di shrriankhalaoan ki ooanchaee bahut kam hai. lagabhag poorv se pashchim tak phaili huee garo, khasi, jaiantiya aur naga pahadiyaan uttar se dakshin tak phaili mizo tatha rakhain pahadiyoan ki shrriankhala se ja milati haian.

marush‍thali kshetr ko do bhagoan mean baanta ja sakata hai b da marush‍thal kachh‍chh ke ran ki sima se luni nadi ke uth‍tari or age tak phaila hua hai. rajash‍than siandh ki poori sima isase hokar gujarati hai. chhota marush‍thal luni se jaisalamer aur jodhapur ke bich uth‍tari bhoobhag tak phaila hua b de aur chhote marush‍thal ke bich ka kshetr bilh‍kul hi banjar hai jisamean choone ke path‍thar ki parvat mala dvara prithak kiya hua patharila bhoobhag hai.

parvat samooh aur paha di shrriankhalaean jinaki ooanchaee 460 se 1,220 mitar hai, prayadvipiy pathar ko ganga aur siandhu ke maidani kshetroan se alag karati haian. inamean pramukh haian aravali, viandhh‍y, satapu da, maikala aur ajanh‍ta. is prayadvip ki ek or poorv ghat doosari or pashchimi ghat hai jinaki ooanchaee samanh‍yat: 915 se 1,220 mitar hai, kuchh sh‍thanoan mean 2,440 mitar se adhik ooanchaee hai. pashchimi ghatoan aur arab sagar ke bich ek sankirn tatavarti patti hai jabaki poorv ghat aur bangal ki kha di ke bich ka vish‍trit tatavarti kshetr hai. pathar ka dakshini bhag nilagiri paha diyoan dvara nirmit hai jahaan poorvi aur pashchimi ghat milate haian. isake age ilayachi ki pahadiyaan pashchimi ghat ke vish‍taran ke rup mean mani ja sakati haian.

bhoogarbhiy sanrachana

bhoo‍vaijnanik kshetr vh‍yapak rup se bhautik visheshataoan ka palan karate haian aur inh‍hean tin kshetroan ke samooh mean rakha ja sakata hai:

• himachal parvat shrriankhala aur unake sanbaddh parvat samooh
• bharat-ganga maidan kshetr
• prayadvipiy ot

uth‍tar mean himachalay parvat kshetr aur poorv mean nagalushaee parvat, parvat nirman gatividhi ke kshetr hai. is kshetr ka adhikaansh bhag jo vartaman samay mean vishh‍v ka sarvadhik suandar parvat drishh‍y prash‍tut karata hai, 60 karo d varsh pahale samudri kshetr mean tha. 7 karo d varsh pahale shuru hue parvat-nirman gatividhiyoan ki shrriankhala mean talachhatean aur adhar chattanean kafi ooanchaee tak pahuanch gee. aj ham jo in par ubhar dekhate haian, unako uth‍panh‍n karane mean apakshay aur aparadak ne kary kiya. bharat-ganga ke maidani kshetr ek jalodh bhoobhag haian jo dakshin ke prayadvip se uth‍tar mean himachal ko alag karate haian.

prayadvip sapeksh sthirata aur kabhi-kabhar bhookanpiy pareshaniyoan ka kshetr hai. 380 karo d varsh pahale ke praranbhik kal ki ath‍yadhik kayaantarit chattanean is kshetr mean payi jati haian, baqi kshetr goandavana ke tatavarti kshetr se ghira hai, dakshin mean sidhidar rachana aur chhoti talachhatean lava ke pravah se nirmit haian.

nadiyaan

bharat ki nadiyoan ko char samoohoan mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai jaise :-

• himachal se nikalane vali nadiyaan
• dakshin se nikalane vali nadiyaan
• tatavarti nadiyaan
• aantardeshiy naloan se droni kshetr ki nadiyaan

himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan

himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan barf aur gh‍leshiyaroan ke pighalane se bani haian at: inamean poore varsh ke dauran niranh‍tar pravah bana rahata hai. m aaunasoon mah ke dauran himalay kshetr mean bahut adhik vrishti hoti hai aur nadiyaan barish par nirbhar haian at: isake ayatan mean utar chadhav hota hai. inamean se kee ash‍thayi hoti haian. tatavarti nadiyaan, visheshakar pashchimi tat par, lanbaee mean chhoti hoti haian aur unaka simit jalagrahan kshetr hota hai. inamean se adhikaansh ash‍thayi hoti haian. pashchimi rajash‍than ke aantardeshiy nala droni kshetr ki kuchhh‍ nadiyaan haian. inamean se adhikaansh ash‍thayi prakriti ki haian.

himachal se nikalane vali nadi ki mukhh‍y pranali siandhu aur ganga brahamaputr meghana nadi ki pranali ki tarah hai.

siandhu nadi

vishh‍v ki mahan, nadiyoan mean ek hai, tibh‍bat mean manasarovar ke nikat se nikalati hai aur bharat se hokar bahati hai aur tath‍pashh‍chath pakish‍tan se ho kar aur aantat: karachi ke nikat arab sagar mean mil jati hai. bharatiy kshetr mean bahane vali isaki sahayak nadiyoan mean sataluj (tibh‍bat se nikalati hai), vh‍yas, ravi, chenab, aur jhelam hai.

ganga

brahmaputr meghana ek anh‍y mahath‍vapoorn pranali hai jisaka up droni kshetr bhagirathi aur alakananda mean haian, jo devaprayag mean milakar ganga ban jati hai. yah uth‍taraanchal, uth‍tar pradesh, bihar aur p.bangal se hokar bahati hai. rajamahal ki pahadiyoan ke niche bhagirathi nadi,jo purane samay mean mukhh‍y nadi hua karati thi, nikalati hai jabaki padbha poorab ki or bahati hai aur baangh‍ladesh mean pravesh karati hai.

sahayak nadiyaan

yamuna, ramaganga, ghaghara, gandak, kosi, mahanadi, aur son; ganga ki mahath‍vapoorn sahayak nadiyaan hai. chanbal aur betava mahath‍vapoorn up sahayak nadiyaan haian jo ganga se milane se pahale yamuna mean mil jati haian. padma aur brahmaputr baangh‍ladesh mean milati hai aur padma athava ganga ke rup mean bahati rahati hai.

brahmaputr

brahmaputr tibh‍bat se nikalati hai, jahaan ise saangano kaha jata hai aur bharat mean arunachal pradesh tak pravesh karane tatha yah kafi lanbi doori tay karati hai, yahaan ise dihaang kaha jata hai. pasi ghat ke nikat debaang aur lohit brahmaputr nadi se mil jati hai aur yah sanyukh‍t nadi poore asam se hokar ek sankirn ghati mean bahati hai. yah ghubari ke anupravah mean baangh‍ladesh mean pravesh karati hai.

sahayak nadiyaan

bharat mean brahmaputr ki pramukh sahayak nadiyaan subasiri, jiya bhareli, ghanasiri, puthibhari, pagaladiya aur manas haian. baangh‍ladesh mean brahmaputr tish‍t adi ke pravah mean mil jati hai aur aantat: ganga mean mil jati hai. meghana ki mukhh‍y nadi barak nadi manipur ki pahadiyoan mean se nikalati hai. isaki mahath‍vapoorn sahayak nadiyaan makh‍koo, traang, tueevee, jiri, sonee, rukh‍vi, kacharaval, ghalarevari, laangachini, mahuva aur jatianga haian. barak nadi baangh‍ladesh mean bhairav bajar ke nikat ganga-‍brahmaputr ke milane tak bahati rahati hai.

dakh‍kan kshetr mean adhikaansh nadi pranaliyaan samanh‍yat poorv disha mean bahati haian aur bangal ki kha di mean mil jati haian.

godavari, krishh‍na, kaveri, mahanadi, adi poorv ki or bahane vali pramukh nadiyaan haian aur narmada, taph‍ti pashchim ki bahane vali pramukh nadiyaan hai. dakshini prayadvip mean godavari ka doosari sabase b di nadi ka droni kshetr hai jo bharat ke kshetr 10 pratishat bhag hai. isake bad krishh‍na nadi ke droni kshetr ka sh‍than hai jabaki mahanadi ka tisara sh‍than hai. dekh‍kan ke oopari bhoobhag mean narmada ka droni kshetr hai, yah arab sagar ki or bahati hai, bangal ki kha di mean girati haian dakshin mean kaveri ke saman akar ki hai aur paranh‍tu isaki visheshataean aur banavat alag hai.

kee prakar ki tatavarti nadiyaan haian jo apekshakrit chhoti haian. aisi nadiyoan mean kafi kam nadiyaan-poorvi tat ke delh‍ta ke nikat samudr mean milati hai, jabaki pashchim tat par aisi 600 nadiyaan hai.

rajash‍than mean aisi kuchh nadiyaan hai jo samudr mean nahian milati haian. ye khare jhiloan mean mil jati hai aur ret mean samaph‍t ho jati haian jisaki samudr mean koee nikasi nahian hoti hai. isake atirikh‍t kuchh marush‍thal ki nadiyaan hoti hai jo kuchh doori tak bahati haian aur marush‍thal mean luph‍t ho jati hai. aisi nadiyoan mean luni aur machh‍chh, sh‍pen, sarash‍vati, banas aur ghagh‍gar jaisi anh‍y nadiyaan haian.