कायल
kayal keral ke tamraparni nadi ke tat par sthit ek nagar aur bandaragah tha. prachin kal mean kayal bandaragah us samay ke sabhy sansar mean apane samriddh vyapar ke lie prakhyat tha. kayal jo pandy rajy ka mukhy dvar tha, yahaan par yooropiy aur arab vyapariyoan ka taanta laga rahata tha. prasiddh italiyan paryatak markopolo 13vian sadi ke aantim charan mean yahaan aya tha.
markopolo ka varnan
markopolo yahaan ke nivasiyoan ki samriddhi dekhakar chakit rah gaya tha. vah apane yatra vivaran mean likhata hai- "jis raja ka yah nagar hai, usake pas vishal koshagar hai aur vah khud kimati javaharat dharan kiye rahata hai. vah bahut that-bat se rahata hai aur apane rajy par yuktiyukt dhang se shasan karata hai aur videshiyoan aur vyapariyoan ke prati pakshapat baratata hai, taki ve is shahar mean akar prasann hoan. is shahar mean sabhi jahaz ate haian pashchim se, haramos se, kish se, adan se aur sabhi arab deshoan se un par gho de aur bikri ki any chizean ladi rahati haian. vyaparik bandaragah hone ke karan yahaan as-pas ke kshetroan mean b di bhi d hoti hai aur is shahar mean b de-b de vyapar ka adan-pradan hota hai."
markopolo ke vivaran se is sthan ke vaibhav evan isake vyaparik mahattv ka pata chalata hai. kalaantar mean yah bandaragah nadi ke sath ayi mitti se at kar uja d ho gaya aur yahaan ke vyapariyoan ne apani kothiyaan kayal se tootikorin ko sthanaantarit kar lian. ab kayal kuchh machhuaroan ki basti matr rah gaya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh