काष्ठ (लेखन सामग्री)

lekhan samagri vishay soochi

lekhan samagri    pashaniy shilalekh    eeant    svarn    rajat    kashth    kap da    dhatu    ta dapatr    bhoorjapatr    agarupatr    kagaz    qalam    syahi

prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri mean likhane ke lie 'lak di ki takhti' ya 'kashthaphalak' ka prayog prachin kal se hota a raha hai. bauddh jatak kathaoan mean prathamik shalaoan mean shishuoan ki shiksha ke prasang mean ‘phalak’ ka ullekh hai. katyayan aur dandi ne paandulekh (kh diya) se kashthaphalak par likhit rajakiy ghoshanaoan ka ullekh kiya hai. lak di ki in sletoan par multani mitti ya kh diya pot di jati thi. phir us par eeantoan ka choora bichhakar tikhe gol mukh ki lak di ki kalam se likhate the. kashth ki chizoan par kee lekh mile haian. jaise, bhaja gufachaity, maharashtr ki lak di ki k diyoan par lekh utkirn haian.

san 1965 mean ambala zile, hariyana ke sugh (prachin srughr) se mitti ka bana ek khilauna mila. isamean ek balak ko baitha hua aur god mean ek takhti lie hue darshaya gaya hai. takhti thik usi prakar ki hai, jaisi ajakal ke prathamik pathashala ke vidyarthi prayog karate haian. yah khilauna shuang kal (eesa poorv doosari sadi) ka hai.

dhoolikarm

eesa ki satavian sadi se phalak ke lie ‘pati’ shabd ka prayog hone laga aur ‘patiganit’ ka arth ho gaya aankaganit. bhaskarachary (1150 ee.) ne aankaganit ko ‘dhoolikarm’ bhi kaha hai. pati ya zamin par dhool bichhakar uangali ya ek chhoti lak di ki noank se aank likhe jate the, gananaean ki jati thian, isilie yah 'dhoolikarm' shabd astitv mean aya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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