क़लम (लेखन सामग्री)
hath-kagaz, davat aut qalam|150px|center |
hath-kagaz, davat aut qalam, 18vian sadi (keळkar sangrahalay, pune) |
qalam aur buddaka|200px|center |
qalam aur buddaka |
qalam aur syahi|200px|center |
qalam aur syahi |
qalam (lekhan samagri)|200px|center |
qalam (lekhan samagri) |
qalam aur syahi|200px|center |
qalam aur syahi |
prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri mean qalam ek lekhan samagri ke roop mean prayog hoti thi. sanskrit ka ek shlok hai, jisamean lekhan ke lie avashyak upakaranoan ki janakari di gee hai. vishesh bat yah hai ki is shlok mean jin upakaranoan ko ginaya gaya hai, unamean se ek ka nam ‘k’ se arambh hota hai.
kumpi kajjal kesh kambalamaho madhye shubhran kushamh,
kambi kalm kripanika katarani kashthan tathh kagalamh.
kiki kotari kalmadan kramaneah tatha kaankaro,
etai ramyakakaksharaishch sahitah shastran ch nityan likheth..
upakaran | arth |
---|---|
kumpi | davat |
kajjal | kajal |
kesh | bal |
kambal | - |
kush | pavitr mani jane vali ek ghas |
kambi | rekhani, roolar |
kalm | qalam |
kripanika | chakoo |
katarani | kaianchi |
kashth | lak di ki takhti |
kamalamh | kagaz |
kiki | aankhean |
kotari | chhoti kothari |
kalmadan | qalam, chakoo, rekhani adi rakhane ka baksa |
kati | kamar |
kaankar | chhota kank d |
kraman | pair |
in 17 vastuoan mean se kagaz, bhoorjapatr, ta dapatr adi ki vistrit charcha milati hai. ab pramukhatah qalam aur syahi ka prayog hota hai .
narakul
narakul ya lak di se bani qalam aur reshoan se bani koochi ko ‘lekhani’ kahate the. ji. byoohlar apani pustak ‘bharatiy lipishastr’ mean likhate haian-
likhane ke lie prayukt hone vale upakaran ka samany nam ‘lekhani’ tha. ‘lekhani’ ka prayog shalaka, toolika, varnavartika aur varnika, sabhi ke lie hota tha. ‘lekhani’ shabd mahakavyoan mean upalabdh hai. narakul ya narasal se bani lekhani ko amataur par qalam kahate the, magar is shabd ki vyupatti spasht nahian hai. qalam ke lie deshi sanskrit nam ‘ishika’ ya ‘eeshika’ tha, jisaka shabdarth hai, narakul. narakul, baans ya lak di ke tuk doan ko hamari aj ki (yani aj se qarib sau sal pahale ki) qalamoan ki tarah banakar unase likhane ki sare bharat mean pratha rahi hai. ta dapatr aur bhoorjapatr par likhi gee sari upalabdh hastalipiyaan isi tarah ki qalamoan se likhi gee haian. ji. byoohlar
shalaka
dakshin bharat mean ta dapatr par akshar ukerane ke lie lohe se bani jis nukili lekhani ka upayog hota tha, use sanskrit mean 'shalaka' kahate haian. bad mean in aksharoan mean koyale ka choorn ya kajal bhar diya jata tha. prachin kal mean vidyarthi lak di ke patoan par gol tikhe mukh ki jis qalam se likhate the, use 'varnak' ya 'varnika' kahate the. rangin qalamoan ko 'varnavartika' kahate the aur koochi ko 'tooli' ya 'toolika' kaha jata tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh