टोटम

thumb|250px|totam 'totam' (aangrezi: Totem) kisi samaj ke us vishvas ko kahatean haian, jisamean manushyoan ka kisi janavar, vriksh, paudhe ya any atma se sambandh mana jae. bharat ke rajasthan, madhy pradesh, chhattisagadh tatha jharakhand rajyoan mean paee jane vali adivasi janajatiyoan mean bhi totam ki pooja ki jati hai. bhil janajati mean totam mukhy roop se pooje jate haian. ve ise apana kuladevata manate haian.

shabd v arth

'totam' shabd ojibve (Ojibwe) namak mool ameriki adivasi qabile ki bhasha ke 'ototeman' (ototeman) se liya gaya hai, jisaka matalab 'apana bhaee/bahan rishtedar' hai. isaka mool shabd 'ote' (ote) hai jisaka arth ek hi maan ke janmean bhaee-bahan haian jinamean khoon ka rishta hai aur jo ek-doosare se vivah nahian kar sakate.

vishesh tathy

aksar totam vale janavar ya vriksh ka use manane vale qabile ke sath vishesh sambandh mana jata hai aur use marana ya hani pahuanchana varjit hota hai ya phir use kisi vishesh avasar par ya vishesh vidhi se hi mara ja sakata hai. kabile ke log aksar use qabile ki chihnoan mean bhi shamil kar lete haian, masalan mool ameriki adivasi aksar totam khamboan mean inhean pradarshit karate the.

bharat mean totam

bharat ke bahut-se samudayoan mean bhi aise totam pae jate haian. udaharan ke lie dekha gaya hai ki maharashtr mean 'tambe' ka parivarik nam rakhane vale log nag ko apana kuladevata manate haian aur kabhi bhi nag nahian marate. 19vian sadi mean satapu da ke jangaloan mean rahane vale bhil logoan mean dekha gaya ke har gut ka ek totam janavar ya vriksh tha, jaise ki patange, saanp, sher, mor, baans, pipal, vagairah. ek gut ka totam 'gavala' nam ki ek lata thi, jis par agar us gut ke kisi sadasy ka galati se pair p d jae to vah usako salam karake us se kshama-yachana karata tha. agar do gutoan ka ek hi totam ho to unamean apas mean vivah karana varjit tha kyoanki vah ek hi poorvaj ke vanshaj mane jate the.

'mori' namak bhil gut ka totam mor tha. isake sadasyoan ko mor ke pad-chihnoan par pair dalana mana tha. agar kahian mor dikh jae to mori striyaan us se parda kar leti thian ya phir doosari taraf muanh kar leti thian.

prakar

1. gotr totam
2. pitrivanshiy totam
3. matrivanshiy totam
4. vyaktigat totam
5. liang totam
6. vibhakt totam
7. bahusankhyak totam
8. garbhadharan totam

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh