बैलिस्टिक प्रक्षेपास्त्र

bailistik prakshepastr ya 'bailistik misail' (aangrezi: Ballistic Missile) us prakshepastr ko kahate haian jisaka prakshepan path sab-arbital bailistik path hota hai. isaka upayog kisi hathiyar (pray: nabhikiy astr) ko kisi poorvanirdharit lakshy par dagane ke liye kiya jata hai. yah misail apane prakshepan ke prarambhik charan mean hi keval gaid ki jati hai; usake bad ka path kakshiy yaantriki ke siddhantoan evan bailistiks ke siddhantoan se nirdharit hota hai. abhi tak inhean rasayanik r aauket ianjanoan ke dvara pranodit kiya jata hai.

parichay

prachin kal ke yuddhoan mean yoddha talavaroan ke alava tir aur kaman ka prayog kiya karate the. isase bhi pichhe agar dekhean to ramayan aur mahabharat mean mukhy roop se prayog kie jane vale hathiyar vo hote the, jinhean ek yoddha apane bal se dushman yoddha par pheankate the. agar shabdik arth mean dekhean to is prakar ke astroan ko prakshepastr kaha jata hai. inhian prakshepastr ko aangreji mean misail kaha jata hai. is prakar aj ki misail vo hathiyar hai jo yuddh l date samay dushman sainikoan par pheank kar mara jae . samay ke sath-sath yuddh takanik mean parivartan aya aur misailoan ke prakar mean bhi vriddhi hoti chali gayi. lekin agar samany vargikaran kiya jae to misail do prakar ki hoti haian-

1. krooj misail
2. bailistik misail

agar saral shabdoan mean kaha jae ki jab kisi prakshepastr ke sath disha batane vala yantr laga diya jata hai to vah hathiyar bailistik misail ban jata hai. is misail ko jab apane sthan se chho da jata hai ya phir kahean daga jata hai to yah prithvi ke gurutvakarshan niyam ke anusar apane poorv nirdharit lakshy par jakar girata hai. jab is misail ko kisi sthan se chho da jata hai to yah bahut tezi se pahale oopar ki disha ki or jati hai aur phir gurutvakarshan se prabhavit hokar bahut tezi se niche ati hue apane nirdharit lakshy ko bhed deti hai. darasal yah misail chho de jane par oopar jate hue yah prithvi ke sabase oopar ke vatavaran tak jati hai aur phir niche ati hai. is misail ke is tarah se jane aur ane ke karan hi ise bailistik misail kaha jata hai.

marak kshamata

is misail ki marak kshamata 5000 kilomitar se lekar 10000 kilomitar tak hoti hai. is misail mean jo disha yantr laga hota hai usake karan yah apane prakshepan ke shuruat mean hi gaid kar di jati hai. usake bad jaise yah oopar jati hai to isaka nirdesh path arbital mekainiks ke siddhaantoan aur bailistiks ke siddhaantoan se nishchit kar diya hai. vartaman samay mean bailistik misail ko rasayanik r aauket ianjin ke dvara propel kiya jata hai. in misailoan mean bahut b di matra mean visphotakoan ko le jane ki kshamata hoti hai. bharat ke pas bailistik misail ke roop mean prithvi, agni aur dhanush misailean haian.

pahali bailistik misail

vishv ke prakshepanastroan ke itihas mean sabase pahali bailistik misail naji jarmani ne 1930 se 1940 ke madhy mean vikasit ki thi. yah kary r aauket vaijnanik venherr v aaun braun ke sanrakshan aur dekharekh mean kiya gaya tha. yah sabase pahala bailistik misail e4 tha jise doosare shabdoan mean vi-2 r aauket ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. is misail ka parikshan 3 aktoobar 1942 ko hua tha.

prayog

sabase pahale is misail ka prayog phraans ke viruddh 6 sitanbar 1944 ko kiya gaya tha aur isake turant do din bad landan par isaka prayog kiya gaya tha. dvitiy vishv yuddh ke khatm hone tak yani 1945 varsh ke mee mas tak bailistik misail ko 30000 se bhi adhik bar prayog kiya gaya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh