भारत का विभाजन
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pratiksha|left is panne par sampadan ka kary chal raha hai. kripaya pratiksha karean yadi 10 din ho chuke hoan to yah 'soochana saancha' hata dean ya dobara lagaean. |
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kuchh british afasaroan ne bharat ko svadhin hone se rokane ke lie aantim durrabh sandhi ki aur musalamanoan ke liye bharat vibhajan karake pakistan ki sthapana ki maang ka samarthan karana shuroo kar diya. isake phalasvaroop agast 1946 ee. mean sare desh mean bhayanak sampradayik dange shuroo ho gaye, jinhean vaisaray l aaurd vevel apane samast fauji anubhavoan tatha sadhanoan bavajood rokan mean asaphal raha. yah anubhav kiya gaya ki bharat ka prashasan aisi sarakar ke dvara chalana sambhav nahian hai. jisaka niyantran mukhy roop se aangrejoan ke hathoan mean ho. atev sitambar 1946 ee. mean l aaurd vevel ne pandit javahar lal neharoo ke netritv mean bharatiy netaoan ki ek aantarim sarakar gathit ki. british adhikariyoan ki kripapatr hone ke karan muslim lig ke dimag kafi ooanche ho gaye the. usane pahale to ek mahine tak aantarim sarakar se apane ko alag rakha, isake bad vah bhi usamean sammilit ho gayi.
svadhinata aur usake bad
bharat ka sanvidhan banane ke lie ek bharatiy sanvidhan sabha ka ayojan kiya gaya. 1947 ee. ke shuroo mean l aaurd vevel ke sthan par l aaurd mauantabeten vaisaray niyukt hua. use panjab mean bhayanak sampradayik dangoan ka samana karana p da. jinako bh dakane mean vahaan ke kuchh british afasaroan ka hath tha. vah pradhanamantri etali ke netritv mean briten ki sarakar ko yah samajhane mean saphal ho gaya ki bharat ka bharat aur pakistan ke roop mean vibhajan karake use svadhinata pradan karane se shanti ki sthapana sambhav ho sakegi aur briten bharat mean apane vyaparik hitoan ko surakshit rakh sakega. 3 joon 1947 ko british sarakar ki or se yah ghoshana kar di gayi ki bharat ka; bharat aur pakistan ke roop mean vibhajan karake use svadhinata pradan kar di jayagi. british parliyameant ne 15 agast 1947 ko iandipedans aph iandiya ekt pas kar diya. is tarah bharat uttar pashchimi sima prant, baloochistan, siandh, pashchimi panjab, poorvi bangal tatha pashchim bangal ke muslim bahul bhagoan se rahit ho jane ke bad, sat shatabdiyoan ki videshi paradhinata ke bad svadhinata ke ek naye path par agrasar hua.
gaandhi ji ki hatya
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svadhin bharat ko jin samasyaoan ka samana karana p da, ve saral nahian thian. use sabase pahale sampradayik unmad ko shant karana tha. bharat ne janaboojhakar dharm nirapeksh rajy banana pasand kiya. usane ashvasan diya ki jin musalamanoan ne pakistan ko nirgaman karane ke bajay bharat mean rahana pasand kiya hai unako nagarikata ke poorn adhikar pradan kiye jayeange. halaanki pakistan janaboojhakar apane yahaan se hinduoan ko nikal bahar karane athava jin hinduoan ne vahaan rahane ka phaisala kiya tha, unako ek prakar se dvitiy shreni ka nagarik bana dene ki niti par chal raha tha. l aaurd mauantabeten ko svadhin bharat ka pahala gavarnar janaral banaye rakha gaya aur pandit javahar lal neharoo tatha aantarim sarakar mean unake kaangrasi sahayogiyoan ne tho de se herapher ke sath pahale bharatiy mantrimandal ka nirman kiya. is mantrimandal mean saradar patel tatha maulana abulakalam azad ka to sammilit kar liya gaya tha, parantu netaji ke b de bhaee sharatachandr bos ko chho d diya gaya. 30 janavari 1948 ee. ko nathooram godase namak hindoo ne rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ki hatya kar di. sara desh shok ke sagar mean doob gaya. nau mahine ke bad, pakistan ke pahale gavarnar janaral muhammad ali jinnahaki bhi mrityu ho gayi. usi varsh l aaurd mauantabeten ne bhi avakash grahan kar liya aur chakravarti rajagopalachari bharat ke pratham aur aantarim gavarnar janaral niyukt hue.
riyasatoan ka vilay
adhikaansh deshi riyasatoan ne, jinake samane bharat athava pakistan mean vilay ka prastav rakha gaya tha, bharat mean vilay ke paksh mean nirnay liya, parantu, do riyasatoan—kashmir tatha haidarabad ne koee nirnay nahian kiya. pakistan ne balapoorvak kashmir ki riyasat par adhikar karane ka prayas kiya, parantu aktoobar 1947 ee. mean kashmir ke maharaj ne bharat mean vilay ki ghoshana kar di aur bharatiy senaoan ko vayuyanoan se bhejakar shrinagar sahit kashmiri ghati tak jammoo ki raksha kar li gayi. pakistani akramanakariyoan ne riyasat ke uttari bhag par apana qabza banaye rakha aur isake phalasvaroop pakistan se yuddh chhi d gaya. bharat ne yah mamala sanyukt rashtr sangh mean uthaya aur sanyukt rashtr sangh ne jis kshetr par jisaka qabza tha, usi ke adhar par yuddh viram kar diya. vah aj tak is saval ka koee nipatara nahian kar saka hai. haidarabad ke nizam ne apani riyasat ko svatantrata ka darja dilane ka sh dayantr racha, parantu bharat sarakar ki pulis karravaee ke phalasvaroop vah 1948 ee. mean apani riyasat bharat mean vilayan karane ke lie majaboor ho gaye. riyasatoan ke vilay mean tatkalin grihamantri saradar ballabh bhaee patel ki mukhy bhoomika rahi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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