मद्रास

[[chitr:University-of-Madras.jpg|thumb|250px|madras vishvavidyalay]] madras ka vartaman nam chennee hai. sanh 1639 ee. mean eest iandiya kanpani ke karmachari fraansis de ne vijayanagar ke raja se kuchh bhoomi lekar is nagar ki sthapana ki thi. us samay ka bana hua qila abhi tak vidyaman hai. madras ke upanagar mayalapur mean kapalishvar shiv ka prachin mandir hai. mayalapur ka shabdik arth mayooranagar hai. pauranik janashruti ke anusar parvati ne mayoor ka roop dharan karake shiv ji ki is sthan par pooja ki thi. isi katha ka aankan is mandir ki moortikari mean hai. mandir ke pichhe ek pavitr tal hai. tripliken mean parthasarathi ka mandir bhi ullekhaniy hai. madras ke sthan par prachin samay mean chennapatam namak gram basa hua tha.

itihas

1683 aur 1686 ke chartar

9 agast, 1683 ko ianglaiand ke samrat charls dvitiy ne nyay prashasan ko saksham banane ke lie ek chartar jari kiya. isase bharat mean aangrejoan aur any yooropiy vyaktiyoan dvara kie jane vale anadhikrit vyapar ko niyantrit karane ke lie kuchh pratibandh lagae ge the. is ke dvara kanpani ko jahaan avashyak ho vahaan naukadhikaran sthapit karane ka adhikar diya gaya tha. adhikaran mean ek sivil vidhi ke visheshajn sahit do sahayakoan ki niyukti ki ja sakati thi. is nyayalay ko jalayanoan ki jabti, jaladasyuta, atichar, kshati, sadosh karyoan adi ke vyaparik aur samudrik karyoan ki shakti di gee. is ke uparaant 12 aprॅl 1686 ko samrat jems dvitiy dvara jari chartar ke dvara kanpani ko jalayan ke lie nausenadhyaksh, up-nausenadhyaksh, sah-nausenadhyaksh, kaptan aur any adhikariyoan ko niyukt karane aur sena vidhi ko pravartit karane ke adhikar bhi de die ge. madras mean 10 julaee 1686 ko pahala naukadhikaran sthapit kiya aur sentaj aaun ko is ka pramukh niyukt kiya. is nyayalay ko samudrik vivadoan ke sath divani aur aparadhik mamaloan ke nipatare ka adhikar bhi diya gaya tha. in adhikaroan ke mil jane se yah nyayalay ek kort aauph judikechar ke roop mean kam karane laga.

1687 ka chartar madras ka pahala nagar nigam

madras ki janasankhya mean lagatar vriddhi ho rahi thi. ek nishchit nyay paddhati aur yuktisangat prashasanik vyavastha ke n hone se yahaan ke nivasi aur vibhinn samuday prashasan aur nyay se vanchit rahe the aur asantosh badh raha tha. kanpani dvara grihakar lagane par use janata ke tivr janavirodh ka samana karana p da. kanpani apane prabhutv ko sthayitv pradan karane mean asaphal ho rahi thi. is karan se kanpani ne 1600 ke chartar ke adhin prapt adhikaroan ke aantargat 30 disanbar 1687 ko ek chartar jari kiya jis mean jan pratinidhi shasan ki sthapana, sucharoo nyayik paddhati ka vikas aur kararopan adhikaroan ka ullekh kiya gaya. is chartar ke upabandhoan ke anusar 29 sitabanr 1688 ko madras ke pahale nagar nigam ki sthapana ki gee. nagar nigam mean ek meyar (keval aangrez), tin varishth aangrez, ek phraansisi, do purtagali, tin hindoo tin armeniyan tatha yahoodi vyapariyoan sahit barah eldaramen tatha 8 se 120 tak nagarik pratinidhiyoan ke lie pravadhan kiya gaya tha. nagarik pratinidhiyoan mean 30 jatiy pratinidhi sammilit the. nagarik pratinidhiyoan ki niyukti meyar aur aildaramen dvara chunav ke jarie tatha kuchh ki manonayan ke jarie ki jati thi. praranbhik niyuktiyaan kanpani dvara ki gee thian. meyar ka karyakal ek varsh ka hone ke karan aildaramenoan dvara prativarsh kisi ko meyar chunane ka pravadhan bad mean kar diya gaya. ek vyakti ekadhik bar meyar rah sakata tha. aildaramen ajivan ya madras mean nivas karane tak apane padoan par bane rahate the. aildar men ka pad rikt hone par nagarik pratinidhiyoan mean se chunav ke adhar par us ki poorti kar li jati thi. meyar aur aildaramenoan ko bhavan nirman ka kar lagane aur karmachariyoan ke vetan ka bhugatan karane ka adhikar diya gaya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

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